Solid polymer nanostructures

The first volume of this Handbook contains brief reviews dealing with the general methodology of solid-state electrochemistry, with the major groups of solid electrolytes and mixed ionic-electronic conductors, and with selected applications for electrochemical cells. Attention is drawn in particular to the nanostructured solids, superionics, polymer and hybrid materials, insertion electrodes, electroanalysis and sensors. Further applications, and the variety of interfacial processes in solid-state electrochemical cells, will be examined in the second volume. 

S. Zavyalov, A. Pivkina, and J. Schoonman, Formation and characterization of metal-polymer nanostructured composites. Solid State Ionics 2002 147 415 19... 

NANOSTRUCTURED SOLIDS MICRO- AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS AND POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES... 

Among solid polymer nanostructures, two types of systems will be described (a) complexes of polyelectrolyte gels with surfactants and (b) crosslinked polymers containing nanopores or nanocavihes. 

Self-Assembly of Conjugated Polymers into Solid State Nanostructures... 

Nanostructured solid polymer blends for the potential production of micro- and nanoporous materials by a foaming process theoretical features, precursors, and morphologies... 

Romero, D. B., Schaer, M., Staehli, J. L., and Zuppiroli, L., Blue light-emission from a nanostructured organic polymer semiconductor. Solid State Commun., 95, 185-189... 

In Fig. 1.3 amorphous polymers nanostructure cluster model is presented. As one can see, within the limits of the indicated above dimensional periodicity scales Fig. 1.2 and 1.3 correspond each other, that is, the cluster model assumes p reduction as far as possible from the cluster center. Let us note that well-known Flory felt model [20] does not satisfy this criterion, since for it p const. Since, as it was noted above, polymeric mediums structure fractality was confirmed experimentally repeatedly [14-16], then it is obvious, that cluster model reflects real solid-phase polymers structure quite plausibly, whereas felt model is far from reality. It is also obvious, that opposite intercommunication is true - for density p finite values change of the latter within the definite limits means obligatory availability of structure periodicity. 

The thermal and temporal stabilities of polymers nanostructured with CDs suggests that they may be melt-processed under normal conditions and still substantially retain their unique solid-state organizations, which should result in fibers, films and molded articles with distinct and possibly improved properties... 

Within the scope of thermoelectric nanostructures, Sima et al. [161] prepared nanorod (fibril) and microtube (tubule) arrays of PbSei. , Tej by potentiostatic electrodeposition from nitric acid solutions of Pb(N03)2, H2Se03, and Te02, using a 30 fim thick polycarbonate track-etch membrane, with pores 100-2,000 nm in diameter, as template (Cu supported). After electrodeposition the polymer membrane was dissolved in CH2CI2. Solid rods were obtained in membranes with small pores, and hollow tubes in those with large pores. The formation of microtubes rather than nanorods in the larger pores was attributed to the higher deposition current. 

Jiang J, Kucernak A. 2004. Investigations of fuel cell reactions at the composite microelectrode solid polymer electrol3de interface. I. Hydrogen oxidation at the nanostructured Pt Nafion membrane interface. J Electroanal Chem 567 123-137. 

There is considerable interest in developing new types of magnetic materials, with a particular hope that ferroelectric solids and polymers can be constructed— materials having spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by an electric field. Such materials could lead to new low-cost memory devices for computers. The fine control of dispersed magnetic nanostructures will take the storage and tunability of magnetic media to new levels, and novel tunneling microscopy approaches allow measurement of microscopic hysteresis effects in iron nanowires. 

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