Polymer extraction, biological fluids

Under supercritical conditions, a gas, such as carbon dioxide, possesses liquid-like density and solubility, and gas-like diffusivity and viscosity, along with zero surface tension. Thus, supercritical fluids work extremely well as a processing media for a wide variety of chemical, biological, and polymer extractions. This solvent power of supercritical fluid has been known since 1879. Nevertheless, its application was not considered until recently when the sharp increases in energy cost, environmental regulations, and performance demands on materials have caused industry to consider alternative... 

Extraction of Polymer Additives from Biological Fluids... 

The sorbent materials most commonly used for the extraction of phthalate esters from water are C-18 and polymeric phases based on PS-DVB. Recently, a new polymeric phase. Oasis, has been applied for the concentration of phthalates, but the recoveries achieved with these polymers were lower than those obtained with C18. ° Nevertheless, this extracting phase was suitable for the extraction of phthalate metabolites from biological fluids. 

An additional complication of polarity or polar additives In polymers Is the possibility of extraction of polymer additives, smaller molecules, etc. Into the surrounding biological fluids. This can lead to local or even systemic toxic responses (see below). Table II lists some potential extractables In polymers. 

The last part of the book, Chapters 10—17, reports on different applications of polymers in the field of analytical chemistry sorption of organic compounds, Hke phenols, pesticides or caffeine, the use of polymeric materials for size-exclusion chromatography, for HPLC packing materials or as solid phase extraction sorbents. The examples cover a broad variety of chemical compounds, fike pesticides, pharmaceuticals, organic acids in different matrices, such as food, biological fluids, non-aqueous media, air and the use of hemosorbents in blood purification. 

Martin, P. Wilson, I.D. Morgan, D.E. Jones, G.R. Jones, K. Evaluation of a molecular-imprinted polymer for use in the solid phase extraction of propranolol from biological fluids. Anal. Commun. 1997, 34, 45-47. 

An alternative procedure to extract bile acids from biological fluids can be based on the properties of a neutral polymer, Amberlite XAD-2 (Rohm and Haas, Co.), to adsorb detergent-like compounds. The use of this resin to extract steroids from urine was reported by Bradlow (33). Preliminary experiments with rat bile have indicated that 80-100% of the bile acids are recovered if the bile is first diluted with 50 volumes of 1 % NaCl in water and this solution is filtered through a 100-ml column of the resin in water at 4°C. After rinsing with 2 bed volumes of water, bile acids are eluted at room temperature with methanol and chloroform/methanol, 1 1. 

V. Thibert, P. Legeay, F. Chapuis-Hugon and V. Pichon, Molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective extraction of cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and eegonine methyl ester, from biological fluids before LG-MS analysis, /. Chromatogr. B, 949 16-23, 2014. 

M. Javanbakht, S. Mohammadi and B. Akbari-Adergani, Synthesis and application of molecularly imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of dipyridamole from complex biological fluids, 7. Liq. Chromatogr. R. T, 35 (19) 2669-2684, 2012. 

M. Javanbakht, N. Shaabani, M. Abdouss, M.R. Ganjah, A. Mohammadi and P. Norouzi, Molecularly imprinted polymers for selective solid-phase extraction of verapamil from biological fluids and human urine, Curr. Pharm. Anal, 5 (3) 269-276,2009. 

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