Polymer compounds traditional

Organic polymers have traditionally been named on the basis of the monomer used, a hypothetical monomer, or a semi-systematic structure. Alternatively, they may be named in the same way as organic compounds, i.e., on the basis of a structure as drawn. The former method, often called source-based nomenclature or monomer-based nomenclature , sometimes results in ambiguity and multiple names for a single material. The latter method, termed structure-based nomenclature , generates a sometimes cumbersome unique name for a given polymer, independent of its source. Within their limitations, both types of names are acceptable and weU-documented. The use of stereochemical descriptors with both types of polymer nomenclature has been published. ... 

Polymer compounds can be named according to the systematic nomenclature or the traditional nomenclature. 

Eeonomers are a new class of conductive additives for thermoplastics made via in-situ deposition of intrinsically conductive polyaniline or polypyrrole on carbon black. Eeonomers are highly thermally stable, pH neutral conductive materials that are compatible with the chemistry and melt processing conditions of acid sensitive polymers. Compounding studies with thermoplastics indicate better electrical, mechanical, and melt flow properties of Eeonomer blends as compared to blends with traditional carbon blacks. In co-continuous plastic blends it was possible to fine tune the polarity of Eeonomer by varying the conductive polymer to CB ratio. The same variation affords very low percolation thresholds due to preferred Eeonomer localization at the 2D phase boundary. 

There are a number of types of compounding equipment that can potentially carry out the compounding of fillers with polymers. Compounding has traditionally been carried out on two-roll mills, internal mixers and nowadays single and twin screw extruders. The extruders are being increasingly adopted as a means of giving a consistent product in a readily usable form, i.e. pellet or sheet. 

Nittile mbber is much like SBR in its physical properties. It can be compounded for physical strength and abrasion resistance using traditional fillers such as carbon black, siUca, and reinforcing clays. The primary benefit of the polymer is its oil and solvent resistance. At a medium ACN content of 34% the swell in IRM 903 oil at 70°C is typically 25—30%. Nitrile mbber processes on conventional mbber equipment and can be compression, transfer, or injection molded. It can also be extmded easily. 

Despite the difference in composition of various olefin polymerization catalysts the problems of the mechanism of their action have much in common. The difference between one-component and traditional Ziegler-Natta two-component catalysts seems to exist only at the stage of genesis of the propagation centers, while the mechanism of the formation of a polymer chain on the propagation center formed has many common basic features for all the catalytic systems based on transition metal compounds. 

Freitag and John [96] studied rapid separation of stabilisers from plastics. Fairly quantitative extraction (>90% of the expected content) of stabilisers from a powdered polymer was achieved by MAE within 3 to 6 min, as compared to 16 h of Soxhlet extraction for the same recovery. MAE and Soxhlet extraction have also been compared in the analysis of cyclic trimer in PET [113]. On the other hand, Ganzler et al. [128] compared the extraction yields for various types of compounds from nonpolymeric matrices for microwave irradiation with those obtained by the traditional Soxhlet or shake-flask extraction methods. Microwave extraction was more effective than the conventional methods, in particular in the case of polar compounds. As expected, the efficiency of the former is high especially when the extraction solvents contain water. With the high dipole moment of water, microwave heating is more... 

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