Polymer coatings processes with

The film formation in fhe spin-coating process for the polymer/fuller-ene blend system in the mixture solvent is a complex process because it is a nonequilibrium state that both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters can influence phase separation, and the system contains four components with dissimilar physical/chemical properties. We found the donor/acceptor components in the active layer can phase separate into an optimum morphology during the spin-coating process with the additive. Supported by AFM, TEM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, a model as well as a selection rule for the additive solvent, and identified relevant parameters for the additive are proposed. The model is further validated by discovering other two additives to show the ability to improve polymer solar cell performance as well. 

To an experienced operator trained in the handling of industrial chemicals, the dimers present Httle cause for concern in handling or storage. The finished polymer coating presents even less of a health problem contact with the reactive monomer is unlikely. In the ancillary operations, such as cleaning or adhesion promotion, the operator must observe suitable precautions. Before using the process chemicals, operators must read and understand the current Material Safety Data Sheets, which are available from the manufacturers. 

In a typical process a preform billet is produced by compacting a mixture of 83 parts PTFE dispersion polymer and 17 parts of petroleum ether (100-120°C fraction). This is then extmded using a vertical ram extruder. The extrudate is subsequently heated in an oven at about 105°C to remove the lubricant, this being followed by sintering at about 380°C. By this process it is possible to produce thin-walled tube with excellent flexing fatigue resistance and to coat wire with very thin coatings or polymer. 

The important item is that this coating can be applied at room temperature and cured at 90 °C and gives a clear film with optical quality. Typical properties of inorganic polymers (hardness) and organic polymers (coating as a lacquer and low temperature processing) could be combined in one and the same polymer. 

Asymmetrical membrane capsules were prepared, for example, by dip coating mandrels with solutions containing 15 wt% CA and 33 wt% ethanol in acetone. After the mandrels were withdrawn from the coating solution they were immersed in water to precipitate the polymer and create the asymmetrical membrane capsule shell. This process was used to create both the body and the cap for the capsules. The capsules were sealed at the juncture between the cap and body by banding with a solution of CA in acetone. 

A wire crosshead die is used to manufacture wire coatings, which is illustrated in Fig. 11.10. This specialized die turns the melt flow 90° before it leaves the die. At this turn, the wire to be coated enters the melt stream and exits the die co-axially with the polymer. This process yields a seamless polymer coating around the wire. 

---