Polymer brushes surface-initiated atom transfer

Orski SV, Fries KH, Sheppard GR, Locklin J (2010) High density scaffolding of functional polymer brushes surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of active esters. Langmuir 26 2136-2143... 

Thermally responsive polymers, such as poly( V-isopropyl acrylamide) (NI-PAm), have also been studied extensively for applications related to those previously discussed [112], De las Heras et al. described the synthesis and patterning of NIPAm brushes on SAMs and their subsequent performance during temperature-dependent adhesion assays of BSA and Streptococcus mutans (Fig. 7). The authors employed p.CP to pattern features of hydrophobic hexadecanethiol and backfilled the surface with an initiator-functionalized alkanethiol. Polymer brushes were grown via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). FITC-BSA was then... 

Desai SM, Solanky SS, Mandale AB, Rathore K, Singh RP. Controlled grafting of N-iso-propylacrylamide brushes onto self-standing isotactic polypropylene thin films surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Polymer 2003 44(25) 7645—9. 

Paripovic D, Klok H-A (2011) Improving the stability in aqueous media of polymer brushes grafted from silicon oxide substrates by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Chem Phys 212 950... 

Recently, surface modification techniques for polymer chains have progressed a great deal with the development of a new polymer synthesis method. In particular, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is one of the most effective modification methods for preparing a well-defined dense polymer brush structure, or polymer brush, on solid substrates. Thus, a self-oscillating polymer brush prepared by SI-ATRP can be expected to create a novel self-oscillating surface with autonomous function, which will lead to potential applications in transporting systems for nanomaterials of flow control in microfluidics. 

Next, in order to demonstrate the efficacy of this cell surface engineering approach, cell microarrays were prepared using a micropattemed poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [MPC]) (PMPC) polymer brush surface as the substrate. PMPC brushes were prepared on a silicon (Si) wafer via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, as previously described elsewhere [35]. Selective decomposition of the initiators immobilized on the Si wafer using UV light irradiation resulted in micropatterning of the... 

Mu B, Shen RP, Liu P (2009) Crosslinked polymeric nanocapsules from polymer brushes grafted silica nanoparticles via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Colloid SurfB 74 511-515... 

Xu D, Yu WH, Kang ET, Neoh KG (2004) Functionalization of hydrogen-terminated silicon via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization and derivatization of the polymer brushes. J Colloid Interface Sci 279 78... 

Ma, H., J. Hyun, P. Stiller, and A. Chilkoti. 2004. Non-fouling 01igo(ethylene glycol)- functionalized polymer brushes synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymraizatioiL Adv. Mater. 16 ... 

An early attempt on stimulus-responsive polymer-incorporated nanochannels was conducted by Yameen et al. The authors started with PI microfilms at the thickness of 12 pm/ The conical nanochannels were fabricated through the ion-etching technique as mentioned above. In the nanochannels, the PNIPAAm polymer brushes were produced via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. As PNIPAAm responds to thermal stimuli in the form of extension and retraction, the functionalized nanochannels can be opened/closed according to the environment temperature. 

Bernards, M. T., Cheng, G., Zhang, Z., Jiang, S. (2008). Mixed charge, overall neutral nonfouling polymer brushes formed by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules, 41, 4216 219. 

Another application of pH-responsive polymers was shown by de Groot et al. (2013), as shown in Figure 5.11. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization synthesized PMAA brushes were used to create pH-responsive nanoporous platforms. It was shown that at pH 4, gating of ions was allowed through the nano channels, whereas at pH 8, the pores were closed. The authors predict that their pH-re-sponsive channels have potential as electrochemical biosensors and in bioseperation technology. 

Kim, B. Y., Ratcliff, E. L., Armstrong, N. R., Kowalewski, T., Pyun, J. (2009). Eerrocene functional polymer brushes on indium tin oxide via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Langmuir, 26, 2083-2092. 

Mazurowski, M., Gallei, M., Li, J., Didzoleit, H., Stiihn, B., Rehahn, M. (2012). Redox-responsive polymer brushes grafted from polystyrene nanoparticles by means of surface initiated atom Transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules, 45, 8970-8981. 

Mizutani, A., Nagase, K., Kikuchi, A., Kanazawa, H., Akiyama, Y, Kobayashi, J., Annaka, M., and Okano, T. 2010. Preparation of thermo-responsive polymer brushes on hydrophilic polymeric beads by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for a highly resolutive separation of peptides. Journal of... 

Synthesis of ferrocene-functionalized polymer brushes on a gold substrate by simultaneous SI-ATRP and click chemistry. (Reprinted with permission from Xu et al. 2010. One-Pot Preparation of "Ferrocene-Functionalized Polymer Brushes on Gold Substrates by Combined Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and "Click Chemistry." Langmuir 26 (19) 15376-15382, copyright (2010) American Chemical Society.)... 

Xu, L. Q., D. Wan, H. F. Gong, K. G. Neoh, E. T. Kang, and G. D. Fu. 2010. Qne-p>ot preparation of ferrocene-functionalized polymer brushes on gold substrates by combined surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and "dick chemistry." 26 (19) 15376-15382. 

Wang, X., Tu, H., Braun, RV., and Bohn, P.W 2006. Length scale heterogeneity in lateral gradients of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) polymer brushes prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical p>olymeiization coupled with in-plane electrochemical potential gradients. Tanomuir 22 817-823. 

Glycol)-Functionalized Polymer Brushes Synthesized by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, 2004,16,338-341. 

Lee SH, Dreyer DR, An J, Velamakanni A, Piner RD, Park S, Zhu Y, Kim SO, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS (2010) Polymer brushes via controlled, surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) from graphene oxide. Macromol Rapid Commun 31 281-288... 

Bao Z, Bruening ML, Baker GL (2006) Control of the density of polymer brushes prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 39(16) 5251-5258... 

Jain P, Dai J, Baker GL, Bruening ML (2008) Rapid synthesis of functional polymer brushes by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of an acidic monomer. Macromolecules 41(22) 8413-8417... 

Barbey R, Klok HA (2010) Room temperature, aqueous post-polymerization modification of glycidyl methacrylate-containing polymer brushes prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Langmuir 26 18219-18230... 

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