Polyethylene glycol adipate ester

Figure 3.2 Separation of fatty acid methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography on a 2mx4mm column. Stationary phase 10% polyethylene glycol adipate (stabilized with orthophosphoric acid) on Diatomite C-AAW. Carrier gas argon. Flow rate 50ml/1 min. The oven temperature was programmed from 65°C to 185°C at 8°C per min. The sample consists of fatty acids derived from a milk diet for calves. Heptanoic and heptadecanoic acids were added as internal standards in concentrations of 1.55 mg 7 0 and 4.94 mg 17 0 in 10 ml sample solution and the computer was programmed to print out the concentration in mg/10 ml of each fatty acid In the mixture. IS = internal standard BHT = butylated hydroxytoluene (antioxidant). Reproduced with kind permission of Mr J.D. Edwards-Webb.

A polyester of adipic acid and a mixture of isomer polyethylene glycols shows good compatibility with cellulose esters, chlorinated rubber, and PVC. 

Note that the terminal groups on the polymers prepared in reactions 1 and 2 are free hydroxyls. Thus, if a diisocyanate is reacted with a mixture of these two polymers the adipic acid-propylene glycol ester polymer may be linked to the polyethylene glycol. The final polymer contains blocks of ester and polyglycol joined by a urethane linkage and is known as a block polymer. It is interesting to note that only a small amount of isocyanate is required since the number of free hydroxyls is very few. 

Common SS include polyethers, polyesters and polyalkyl glycols with glass transition temperatures in the range of -70°to -30°C. Commonly used macrodiols in the PUs synthesis are polyalkyl-diols, such as polyisobutylene diol [70], polybutadiene (PBU) [20, 71], or oligo-butadiene diols [72] as well as hydrogenated polybutadiene diol [20] polyether diols polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF or PTMO) [50-52], polyethylene glycol (PEG) or (PEO) [73], polypropyleneoxide (PPO) [73] or mixed blocks of them PEO-PPO-PEO [74] and PPO-THF [54] polyester diols poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA) [4,20], poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) [20, 73], and latterly polycaprolactone diol (PCL or PCD) [75], polyalkylcarbonate polyol [20] or mixed blocks of them, for example poly(carbonate-co-ester)diol [76], poly(hexamethylene-carbonate)diol [77], as well as poly(hexamethylene-carbonate-co-caprolactone)diol [78] and a mixed block copolymer of polyether and polyester blocks PCL-b-PTHF-b-PCL [79]. Examples schemes of macrodiols are shown in Eig. 1.9. 

Additives used in final products Fillers barium and strontium ferrites, boron carbide, calcinated clays, calcium carbonate, carbon black, carbon-silica dual phase filler, clays, dolomite, fumed silica, iron oxide, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium carbonate, mica, montmorillonite, nickel zinc ferrite, nylon fibers, pulverized polyurethane foam, quartz, silica carbide, soapstone, talc, zinc oxide Plasticizers naphthenic oil, polybutene, aromatic oil, esters of dicarboxylic acid Plasticizers adipates, aromatic mineral oil, paraffin oil, phosphates, phthalates, polyethylene glycol, processing oil, sebacates Antistatics dIhydrogen phosphate of 8-amlnocaprolc add. Iodine doping Antistatics carbon black, quaternary ammonium salt, zinc oxide whisker Antiblocking diatomaceous earth Release propylene wax Slip erucamide+stearamide ... 

Additives used in final products Plasticizers polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, partial fatty ester, glucose monoester, citrate, adipate and azelate esters, epoxidized soybean oil, acetylated coconut oil, linseed oil, acetyl tributyl citrate, glycerol triacetate, glycerol tripropionate Antistatics ethoxylated fatty amines, polyethylene glycol ester, quaternary ammonium salt Antiblocking diatomaceous earth, talc Slip erucamide ... 

The direct polyesterification reaction of diacids with glycols is the most important industrial synthetic route to polyester polyols. The second most important synthetic route is the transesterification reaction between dimethyl esters of dicarboxylic or dibasic acids (dimethyl adipate, dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl carbonate or even polyethylene terephthalate) and glycols (reaction 8.2) [1, 3-8]. 

Polyethylene Poly(ethylene adipate) Poly(epichlorohydrin) n-Dodecyl ester terminated poly(ethylene glycol)... 

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