Dyeing Auxiliaries

J. R. Robertson, Jr., Ph.D. dissertation. The Products of Biodegradation of Selected Carpet Dyes and Dyeing Auxiliaries, Georgia Institute of Technology, Adanta, Dec. 1973. 

TEGEWA Working group on dyeing auxiliaries, Melliand Textilber., 70 (Oct 1989) 790, E342. 

This group includes dyes that react with the fibre at 100 °C or above, without alkali present. Dyes in this group have self-levelling properties so there is no need to exercise control by means of dyeing auxiliaries. Good results can be obtained by controlling the rate of temperature rise. 

I. Arslan and I.A. Balcioglu, Effect of common reactive dye auxiliaries on the ozonation of dyehouse effluents containing vinylsulphone and aminochlorotriazine dyes. Desalination, 130 (2000) 61-71. 

Similar strict requirements for accuracy apply to chemicals and dyeing auxiliaries. Most auxiliaries show a distinct affinity for fibers or dyes. Their amount must therefore be strictly calculated and dispensed to the requirements of each individual dyeing. Today metering devices exist in the dyehouse which permit the dispensing of widely differing volumes and weights. 

In the dyeing process, the pH is set at 4.5-5.5 (acetic acid, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium acetate), and the dyeing auxiliaries are added to the liquor. The dyes are added at 30-50°C the system is heated and dyed at boiling temperature. After rinsing, formic acid is used for acidification to improve the feel and wetfastness. 

Piece goods made of CA are usually dyed in a jigger, less often in a star frame or winch beck, with gentle material guidance. The piece beam is suitable for warp materials. Yam was previously dyed in hanks. Since suitable winding machines are available, CA can also be dyed on cylindrical cheeses. Woven CA fabrics are occasionally dyed semicontinuously in a pad roll system at 80-90 °C. Dyeing auxiliaries are subsequently washed out. 

Effects of dyeing and printing Difference in binder films, residual hydrophobic dyeing auxiliaries... 

BURCOLEV HTP represents a unique polyester dyeing auxiliary from Burlington Chemical. By its specific action, BURCOLEV HTP prevents unlevel dyeings due to (a) different strike rates of dyes, (b) preferential absorption of dyes to various parts of the fiber, and (c) temperature variation in the dye machine. 

UNIBEC BDA is a polymeric beck dyeing auxiliary which promotes hydrodynamic lubricity during dyeing of all classes of fibres with all classes of dyestuffs. 

It is compatible with the dyestuffs and dye auxiliaries normally to the wetout bath, if desired. WETOUT BP exhibits good rewetting properties. 

Multi-functional, non-foaming polyester dyeing auxiliary. Recommended for leveling, trimer and crease mark control in jet and beck dyeing applications. 

Universal dyeing auxiliary and lubricant with defoaming properties for jet dyeing. 

Cationic Dye Leveling Agent Retarder Type Acrylic Leveler Compatible With All Dyes Auxiliaries... 

Abluhide. [Taiwan Surf.] Blends emulsifier, degteaser, rewetting agent, fatUquoting agent, dyeing auxiliary for leathers. 

Accelerator 3711. [Manufacturers Chems.] Proprietary blend of acids pH control and acid generate fw use as a textile dyeing auxiliary in continuous and batch q iecations. 

Bastamol . [BASF AG] Dyeing auxiliaries for leather and fur industry. 

CHTSarabid. [Catawba-Chariab] Dyeing auxiliary for leveling and dopers-ing. 

Felidenn. [Hoechst AG] Dyeing auxiliary hydrotrope pickling acid for leather finishing. 

Honoralin. [Takemoto Oil Fat] Sul-fated oil wetting and penetrating agent dyeing auxiliary for cotton and wool. 

LeoniL [Hoechst Celanese/G)lorants Surf. Hoechst AG] Sulfonates or sul-fosuccinates wetting agent and dyeing auxiliaries for textiles. 

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