Polyesters high temperature dyeing

Surprisingly, other investigators were unable to confirm the adverse effect of nonionic surfactants of low cloud point in the high-temperature dyeing of polyester, even in the presence of electrolytes [111]. This was probably because of the rather low concentrations used. Adducts containing a C18-C2o hydrophobe and a decaoxyethylene hydrophile, as well... 

Multi-purpose, high temperature dyeing assistant for polyester fibers. 

For disperse dyes suitable for controlling migration in atmospheric and high temperature dyeing on nylon, polyester and acrylics. 

Leveling agent for high temperature dyeing of polyester with disperse dyes. In many applications, will replace carrier. 

Leveling and dispersing agent for rapid, high temperature dyeing of polyester. Non-toxic alternative for solvent based carriers in HT dyeing. 

Multipurpose high temperature dyeing assistant for polyester which promotes lubrication, leveling, dispersing, trimer and crease mark control. Non-foaming. 

Used alone for dyeing acetate, triacetate, or nylon or in conjunction with carriers for polyester dyeing promotes extremely fine dispersions under high temperature dyeing conditions. 

Uses Defoamer in for high-temperature dyeing of polyester textiles Features Most active defoaming action high temps. low silicone content Properties YIsh.-wh. liq. easily sol. in water vise. 1500-2500 cp pH (2% sol n.)... 

Methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes are contained in coke-oven tar and in certain petroleum fractions in significant amounts. A typical high temperature coke-oven coal tar, for example, contains ca 3 wt % of combined methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes (6). In the United States, separation of individual isomers is seldom attempted instead a methylnaphtha1 ene-rich fraction is produced for commercial purposes. Such mixtures are used for solvents for pesticides, sulfur, and various aromatic compounds. They also can be used as low freezing, stable heat-transfer fluids. Mixtures that are rich in monomethyinaphthalene content have been used as dye carriers (qv) for color intensification in the dyeing of synthetic fibers, eg, polyester. They also are used as the feedstock to make naphthalene in dealkylation processes. PhthaUc anhydride also can be made from m ethyl n aph th al en e mixtures by an oxidation process that is similar to that used for naphthalene. 

Application Techniques, Structural Variations, and Fastness Properties. When appHed to polyester fiber, many of the disperse dyes originally developed for ceUulose acetate were found to be deficient in Hghtfastness, build-up properties, and especially fastness to the high temperatures employed in the newer dyeing and finishing, printing, and Thermosol (dry heat) processes. 

Dispersion Stability of Disperse Dyes at High Temperature. A disperse dye dyebath is treated under the desired test conditions at 130°C in a special apparatus (Gaston County Lab Dye and Chemical Tester) and filtered through cotton and polyester filters. The filter with the heaviest residue is then compared with a series of standard photographs of standard performance and rated equal to the one it most resembles (1 poor, 5 excellent). 

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