Polychlorinated biphenyls human exposure

It is known that the brain is one of the most sensitive sites of action of steroids in utero, and recently there have been suggestions that EDs may affect normal brain development and behaviour. For example, it has been alleged that in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) resulted in adverse effects on neurologic and intellectual function (memory and attention) in young children born to women who had eaten PCB contaminated fish in the USA." It has also been speculated that exposure to environmental pollutants with steroidal activity may be infinencing human sexual development and sexually controlled behavioiir." ... 

EXPOSURE PATHWAYS OF DIOXINS AND DIOXIN-LIKE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS TO HUMAN... 

The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used commercially since 1929 as dielectric and heat exchange fluids and in a variety of other applications. The presence of PCBs in human and wildlife tissues was first recognized in 1966. Investigations in many parts of the world have since revealed widespread distribution of PCBs in the environment, including remote areas with no PCB production or use. There is evidence that the major source of PCB exposure in the general environment is the redistribution of PCBs previously introduced into the environment. It is believed that large bodies of water, such as the Baltic Sea and the Canadian Great Lakes, may... 

XZ/N VI RON MENTAL APPLICATIONS OF CHEMOMETRics are of interest because of the concern about the effects of chemicals on humans. The symposium upon which this book is based served as an important milestone in a process we, the editors, initiated in 1982. As members of the Environmental Protection Agency s Office of Toxic Substances (OTS), we have responsibilities for the acquisition and analysis of human and environmental exposure data in support of the Toxic Substances Control Act. OTS exposure studies invariably are complex and range from evaluating human body burden data (polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose tissue, for example) to documenting airborne asbestos levels in schools. 

Clearly, humans are exposed to a complex mixture of CDDs and other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as chlorinated diben-zofurans (CDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The toxicological concerns resulting from exposure to mixtures, as well as the gaps... 

Cordel F, Comeliussen P, Jelinek C, et al. 1978. Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls. Environ Health Perspect 24 157-172. 

Nakata, H., Kawazoe, M., et al., 2002. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in foodstuffs and human tissues from China Status of contamination, historical trend and human dietary exposure. Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 43, 473-480. 

Fernandes AR, Rose M, White S, Mortimer DN, Gem M. 2006. Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish oil dietary supplements occurrence and human exposure in the UK. Food Add Contam 23 939-947. 

Hauser R, Chen Z, Pothier L, Ryan L, Altshul L. 2003a. The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p -DDE. Environ Health Perspect 111 1505-1511. 

One essentially unexplored area for hair analysis is its application to the investigation of environmental toxin exposure. We received a research grant during 1979 from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health to explore the possibility of using hair analysis for monitoring exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs). Although the analytical chemical problems of this project were successfully solved, we were unable to mount successful field studies with human subjects. 

Currado, G. M., Harrad, S. (1998) A comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in indoor and outdoor air and the potential significance of inhalation as a human exposure pathway. Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 32 3043-3047. 

Fiirst, P. (2006) Dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and other organohalogen compounds in human milk. Levels, correlations, trends and exposure through breastfeeding. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 50 922-933. 

Harrad, S. Hazrati, S. Ibarra, C., Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, United Kingdom Implications for human exposure Environ. Sci Technoi 2006, 40, 4633-4638. 

Harrad, S., Ibarra, C., et al (2009) Polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor dust from Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States implications for human exposure. Chemosphere, 76 (2) 232-238. 

Koizumi, A., Yoshinaga, T.,et al (2005) Assessment of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Japan using archived samples from the early 1980s and mid-1990s. Environmental Research, 99(1) 31-39. 

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