Polyanilines mechanical

Zheng, W., M. Angelopoulos, A.J. Epstein, and A.G. MacDiarmid. 1997. Experimental evidence for hydrogen bonding in polyaniline mechanism of aggregate formation and dependency. Macromolecules 30 2953. 

Zheng, W., Angelopoulos, M., Epstein, A. J., MacDiarmid, A. G. Experimental Evidence for Hydrogen Bonding in Polyaniline Mechanism of Aggregate Formation and Dependency on Oxidation State. Macromolecules (1997), 30,2953. 

Electrochemical measurements on polyaniline (PANI) produce a picture of the charge storage mechanism of conducting polymers which differs fundamentally from that obtained using PTh or PPy. In the cyclic voltammetric experiment one observes at least two reversible waves in the potential range between —0.2 and -)-1.23 V vs SCE. Above -1-1.0 V the charging current tends to zero. Capacitive currents and overoxidation effects, as with PPy and PTh, do not occur The striking... 

The polymerisation appears to involve a nucleation process similar to that of the deposition of metals [182], and electrochemically-prepared polyaniline will form dense, non-fibrillar thin films [165, 173], but thicker films ( > 150nm) become less densely packed and more fibrous [176, 182]. This may be due a change in the deposition mechanism when the film becomes sufficiently thick to inhibit direct access to the platinum by unreacted monomer [176],... 

In view of the complexity of the material, it is difficult to unequivocally assign a particular mechanism for electronic conduction in the polymer, although some evidence exists to suggest that it involves three-dimensional variable-range hopping as found for other polymers [213], It has also been suggested that the conductivity of polyaniline is a combination of both ionic and electronic conductivity [207], and is... 

Incorporating reinforcing particles that respond to a magnetic field is important with regard to aligning the particles to improve mechanical properties anisotropically [223-226]. In related work, some in-situ techniques have been used to generate electrically conducting fillers such as polyaniline within an elastomeric material [227],... 

Barsukov V., Chivikov S. The Capacitor concept of the current-producing process mechanism in polyaniline-type conducting polymers. Electrochim. Acta 1996 41 1773-79. 

The mechanisms and reasons of catalytic activity of polyaniline (PANI)-type conducting polymers toward oxygen reduction in acidic and saline solutions are investigated by electrochemical and quantum-chemical methods. The PANI/thermally expanded graphite compositions were developed for realization of fully functional air gas-diffusion electrodes. Principally new concept for creation of rechargeable metal-air batteries with such type of catalysts is proposed. The mockups of primary and rechargeable metal-air batteries with new type of polymer composite catalysts were developed and tested. 

For example, the investigations of the current-generating mechanism for the polyaniline (PANI) electrode have shown that at least within the main range of potential AEn the "capacitor" model of ion electrosorption/ desorption in well conducting emeraldine salt phase is more preferable. Nevertheless, the possibilities of redox processes at the limits and beyond this range of potentials AEn should be taken into account. At the same time, these processes can lead to the fast formation of thin insulation passive layers of new poorly conducting phases (leucoemeraldine salt, leucoemeraldine base, etc.) near the current collector (Figure 7). The formation of such phases even in small amounts rapidly inhibits and discontinues the electrochemical process. 

In the context of this chapter, we focus on the undoped or lightly doped 7i-conjugated systems that are commonly referred to as organic semiconductors. Conducting polymers, such as PEDOT PSS, plexcore, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and others are not addressed here as their charge transfer mechanisms are rather different and would warrant an article in its own right. 

Polypyrrole/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) conducting composites with improved mechanical properties were prepared by a similar method [167], In addition, polyaniline/polystyrene [168] and polyaniline/poly(alkyl methacrylate) [169] composites have been synthesised. A solution of persulphate in aqueous HC1 was added to an o/w HIPE of polymer and aniline in an organic solvent, dispersed in aqueous SDS solution, causing aniline polymerisation. Films were processed by hot- or cold-pressing. 

Electrochemical reduction of protons to form H2 in an acidic aqueous solution can be catalyzed by SiWi204o in the presence of glassy carbon, Pt, Si, or Ti02 as an electrode (411-414). Reduction of 02 is also catalyzed by SiWi2O40 immobilized in polyaniline on a glassy carbon electrode (415). The following mechanism is proposed ... 

The first half of this chapter focuses on thermal imaging, describing the technique and the strenuous requirements of suitable laser-printable materials. We illustrate the latter with polyaniline composites specifically tailored for high-resolution printing over large areas with moderate throughput. Their use in active matrix backplane circuits for large, mechanically flexible sheets of electronic paper is then described. 

S. Virji, J. X. Huang, R. B. Kaner, and B. H. Weiller, Polyaniline nanofiber gas sensors Examination of response mechanisms , Nano Letters... 

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