Poly tetramethyl bisphenol

As indicated in Fig. 23.1, a sample consists of a rigid glass indenter and an elastomer substrate of crosslinked poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), which are both coated with the polymer layers of interest. These layers include a semicrystalline layer of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) sandwiched between glassy polymer layers of poly(tetramethyl bisphenol A polycarbonate) (TMPC). These polymers will be described in more detail within this section along with the steps that were taken to select these polymers for the study of a glassy/semicrystalline interface. 

As mentioned earlier, all three pol3rmers were soluble in chloroform. With poly(tetramethyl bisphenol A-ether ketone), we observed an interesting... 

The polyarylate poly(tetramethyl bisphenol A-iso/terephthalate) that exhibits high permeability and moderate selectivity was chosen for making nanocomposites with two organically modified clays (Cloisite 6A and lOA) by solution intercalation method. The nanocomposite formation of various clay loadings (3, 5, and 7% w/w)... 

Bulk spinodal decomposition in TMPC/PS [TMPC = poly(tetramethyl-Bisphenol-A-polycarbonate)] films was also studied by Cabral et ol. [151] using AFM. These authors were able to show that the topography observed by AFM is related to the spinodal morphology, although the periodicity of the structure determined by AFM appears to be larger than expected from LS measurements. Since the AFM structure factor is obtained by Fourier transform of an image of a cross-section (2D) whereas the LS data are 3D Fourier transform of the spinodal structure, such a discrepancy between AFM and LS results is not surprising. 

One of the main goals of experimental studies carried out on polymer blends is to resolve the dynamics of the individual components. For dielectric measurements this can be achieved when one of components has a high dipole moment, for example, PVME, poly(chlorostyrene), or poly(tetramethyl-Bisphenol-A-polycarbon-ate) (TMPC) [163,164], compared to the second polymer, for example, polystyrene. 

The telechelica,(i -bis(2,6-dimethylphenol)-poly(2,6-dimethylphenyl-ene oxide) (PP0-20H) [174-182] is of interest as a precursor in the synthesis of block copolymers [175] and thermally reactive oligomers [179]. The synthesis has been accomplished by five methods. The first synthetic method was the reaction of a low molecular weight PPO with one phenol chain end with 3,3, 5,5 -tetramethyl-l,4-diphenoquinone. This reaction occurred by a radical mechanism [174]. The second method was the electrophilic condensation of the phenyl chain ends of two PPO-OH molecules with formaldehyde [177,178], The third method consists of the oxidative copolymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol with 2,2 -di(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl)propane [176-178]. This reaction proceeds by a radical mechanism. A fourth method was the phase transfer-catalyzed polymerization of 4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenol in the presence of 2,2-di(4-hy-droxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane [181]. This reaction proceeded by a radical-anion mechanism. The fifth method developed was the oxidative coupling polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP) in the presence of tetramethyl bisphenol-A (TMBPA) [Eq. (57)] [182],... 

PS is miscible with several polymers, viz. polyphenyleneether (PPE), polyvinylmethylether (PVME), poly-2-chlorostyrene (PCS), polymethylstyrene (PMS), polycarbonate of tetramethyl bisphenol-A (TMPC), co-polycarbonate of bisphenol-A and tetramethyl bisphenol-A, polycyclohexyl acrylate (PCHA), polyethylmethacrylate (PEMA), poly-n-propyl methacrylate (PPMA), polycyclohexyl methacrylate (PCHMA), copolymers of cyclohexyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, bromobenzylated- or sulfonated-PPE, etc. Other miscible blends are listed in Appendix 2. 

Abbreviations for the polymeric units in Table 2.10 (C H )- - phenyl ring, a-MS - alpha-methyl styrene, AN, acrylonitrile, BMA - butylmethacrylate, CHMA - cyclohexylmethacrylate. Cl - caprolactone, C(VC) - unit of chlorinated PVC, DNS - 2,4-dini-trostyrene-co-styrene, DTC -2,2-dimethyltrimethylenecarbonate, HFPC - hexafluoro bisphenol-A polycarbonate, MA - maleic anhydride, MMA - methylmethacrylate, PAr - unit of polyarylate, Phenoxy - unit of polyhydroxy ether of bisphenol-A, PPE - unit of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), S - styrene, TMPAr - unit of tetramethyl bisphenol-A polyarylate, TMPC - unit of tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate, VAc - vinyl acetate, VC - vinyl chloride, VCVAc90 - VC-co-VAc copolymer with 90 wt% VC, VME - vinylmethylether. 

SMA Styrene-co-maleic anhydride SPEEK Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) TGA Thermogravimetric analyzer TMOS Tetramethyl bisphenol A oligosulfones UCST Upper critical solution temperature... 

POLY(ARYLENE ETHER KETONES) DERIVED FROM TETRAMETHYL BISPHENOL A... 

Several polyaryl ether-sulfones were found to be miscible with each other (Figure 1.2). AMS-AN copolymers have been found to be miscible with PMM A and with PEM A, and the blends exhibit LCST-type behavior. PS forms a miscible blend with polyxylenyl ether and with tetramethyl bisphenol polycarbonate, and PPO and P-sCL (poly-epsilon caprolcatone). SAN forms miscible blends with PMMA and PVC. 

The case of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), where there are no side groups, is considered in Section 10.3.2 in conjunction with semi-crystalline forms of this polymer. Worthy of mention is the use of antiplasticisers to show that the p relaxation is composite [8,9]. In studies of bisphenol A (and tetramethyl bisphenol A), polycarbonate intramolecular cooperativity associated with the carbonate residue was shown by the introduction of the methyl groups on the phenyl rings [10], and intermolecular cooperativity was shown by the dielectric behaviour of blends [11]. Further evidence for intermolecular contributions to the ring motions was obtained from the observed pressure dependence of the proton NMR transverse relaxation time [12]. There is a key conclusion for polymers... 

Time of flight static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS) has been applied to perfluorinated polymers, polystyrene, polyacylacrylates (including poly cyclo-hexylmethacrylate, polybenzyl methacrylate, polyphenyl methacrylate, poly n-hexyl methacrylate, poly n-butyl methacrylate, polymethylmethacrylate, poly n-propyl methacrylate, polyisopropyl methacrylate and poly secbutyl methacrylate). Blends of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, bisphenol A and polystyrene, polycarbonate and polystyrene and tetramethyl bisphenol A and polycarbonate have also been studied by this technique. 

The miscibility profile of aliphatic polyesters is similar (not surprising) to poly(e-caprolac-tone). The phase behavior of cellulose acetate proprionate (CAP) with ahphatic polyesters based on C2 to C8 straight chain diols with glutaric acid was investigated by Buchanan et al. [224]. Miscibility was observed with C2 to C6 diols and partial miscibility with the C8 diol based aliphatic polyesters. Although CAP is typically amorphous (unblended), crystallization was observed by plasticization of the lower Tg polyesters. The crystallization rate of the aliphatic polyesters was suppressed by addition of CAP. Aliphatic polyesters with CH2/COO ratios of 2 to 5 have been shown to be miscible with Bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) [225] and miscible with tetramethyl Bisphenol A polycarbonate (TMPC) with CH2/COO ratios of 5 to 10 [226]. Aliphatic polyesters also showed a miscibility window with phenoxy (PHE) with the volume fraction of the aliphatic carbon in the polyester of between 0.7 and 0.9 [227]. 

As expected, there are some interesting blends that do not fit the classifications chosen for this chapter and will be summarized in this section. PHE/PVME blends were shown to be miscible with lest behavior observed [ 180]. Partial methylation or benzylation of the secondary hydroxyls of PHE lowered the position of the lest and thus reduced the inherent miscibihty [1140]. PHE was also shown to exhibit miscibility with poly(4-vinyl pyridine), presumably due to the hydrogen bonding potential expected from this combination [223]. The polyformal from the reaction product of tetramethyl Bisphenol S and methylene chloride was foimd to be miscible with styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (24, 28 and 42 wt% AN) and also poly(vinyl chloride) [1141]. 

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