Polymer PEDOT

Conducting Polymers, PEDOT-PSS, Doped Polyaniline and Polypyrrole... 

Fig. 2 UV-Vis spectra of monomers EDOT and pyrrole, and polymers PEDOT, polypyrrole and PEDOT-co-polypyrrole. (Reprinted with permission from Bruno et al. [37]. 2006, American Chemical Society)...

Hole transporters at the polymer-PEDOT PSS interface to provide easier hole injection... 

The simplest idea is to use orthogonal solvents for the individual layers, i. e., such that the solvent used in a deposition does not dissolve the previous layer(s). The most prominent example of such an approach is the conductive polymer PEDOT, which is commonly used as a hole-injecting anode and is deposited from an aqueous suspension. Organic layers can be deposited on top of the PEDOT layer without problem. 

Y.Z. Long, J.L. Duvail, Z.J. Chen, A.Z. Jin, and C.Z. Gu, Electrical conductivity and current-voltage characteristics of individual conducting polymer PEDOT nanowires. Chin. Phys. Lett., 25, 3474-3477 (2008). 

Figure 18.1 Schematic of conducting polymer PEDOT functionalized with GOx, operating as a biosensor for detecting glucose levels...

As a critical component of the DSSC, counter electrode is also a key to the flexibility of the device. Some flexible conductive materials, such as conducting polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials and their composites have been employed as flexible counter electrodes to replace the Pt electrode in the fabrication of flexible DSSCs. For instance, after coating with conducting polymer PEDOT, a flexible counter electrode was developed with low sheet resistance and served as an ideal candidate in replacement of the conventional Pt counter electrode (Fig. 9.1B) (Mozer et al., 2010). 

Figure 7.14 The process for preparation of PIL RG-0 hybrids with conducting polymer PEDOT using poiy(ionic iiquids). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [137]. Copyright 2011, Elsevier B.V.

Somboonsub B, Invernale MA, Thongyai S, Praserthdam P, Scola DA, Sotzing GA. Preparation of the thermally stable conducting polymer PEDOT —sulfonated poly(imide). Polymer 2010 51(6) 1231-6. 

Another very common thiophene-based monomer used to design low bandgap ECPs is EDOT, whose corresponding polymer PEDOT has a bandgap of 1.2 eV [214]. Zotti et al. have shown that bis-(3,4-ethylenedioxythienyl)-methane could give rise to thick polymer films with an electrochemical bandgap (based upon standard redox potentials) of 1.0 eV [215]. 

The production of patterned, rapid-switching, reflective ECDs has been demonstrated by Aubert et al. with active electrochromic materials such as PEDOT, (PProDOT) and the dimethyl-substituted derivative PProDOT-Me2, whose resulting switching times were 0.1-0.2 s (5-10 Hz) [51, 56]. In another dual-type polymer PEDOT and PBEDOT-B(OCi2H2s)2 reflective device, a 2 x 2 pixelated lateral configuration has been shown. 

Stephan Kirchmeyer and colleagues, in Chapter 14, start the device application part of the book, through the introduction of the most industrially important conjugated polymer, PEDOT and showing a wide variety of its applications, such as transparent conductors, antistatic coatings, hole-injecting layers for OLEDs and photovoltaics. 

Not only are polymers being used for power storage but they are also being used for memory storage as demonstrated by researchers at Princeton University in the US in collaboration with Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. The inherently conductive polymer, PEDOT, is used to make a memory which is technically a hybrid because it contains a plastic film, a flexible foil substrate and some silicon in the form of PEDOT organic conducting polymer dots on the surface of a thin film inorganic silicon diode. The researchers have speculated that it could support up to 100 Mbits of memory. 

Suitable polymers PEDOT, unsaturate polyester Kandola, B K Ebdon, J R Chow-dhury, K P, Polymers, 7,298-315, 2015. 

Several reports and patents have appeared on the production of PV fibres. These fibres are themselves constmcted into fabrics or are incorporated as a part of a conventional fabric construction process. Much research has been conducted on organic PV fibres, and one example of the structure of these fibres is given in Figure 8.2 (Bedeloglu et al., 2010). Here, polypropylene monofilament is coated by successive thin layers of the conductive polymer, PEDOT PSS, and of a photoactive material that is a mixture of either P3HT and PCBM or of MDMO-PPV and PCBM. The structures of PEDOT PSS and of MDMO-PPV are also shown in Figure 8.1. The outer conductive coating consists of lithium fluoride and aluminium. A similar example is reported by Liu et al. (2007) for other types of fibres. 

As mentioned earlier, EDOT oxidation reactions typically lead to the conducting polymer PEDOT in its different doping states. These technically very... 

In the presence of acid the manganese dioxide reduces to soluble manganese(II) and simultaneously polymerizes the monomer EDOT to the conductive polymer PEDOT. The acid anions serve as charge-balancing counterions and get incorporated into the polymer. The chemical nature of the acid employed will influence the nucleation and the crystallization of the polymer. Morphology and achievable conductivity of the resulting polymer will therefore be critically influenced by the acid involved. ... 

Wilfried Lovenich, Ph.D., received his diploma in chemistry from the Technical University of Aachen (Germany). He then went to the University of Durham, Great Britain, to obtain his Ph.D. In 2002, Dr. Lovenich joined H.C. Starck, working as an R D chemist on the development and pilot plant production of the conductive polymer PEDOT. Since 2009, Dr. Lovenich has been the head of the R D group of H.C. Starck Clevios GmbH. 

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