Poly processing aids

Acrylics. Acetone is converted via the intermediate acetone cyanohydrin to the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) [80-62-6]. The MMA is polymerized to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to make the familiar clear acryUc sheet. PMMA is also used in mol ding and extmsion powders. Hydrolysis of acetone cyanohydrin gives methacrylic acid (MAA), a monomer which goes direcdy into acryUc latexes, carboxylated styrene—butadiene polymers, or ethylene—MAA ionomers. As part of the methacrylic stmcture, acetone is found in the following major end use products acryUc sheet mol ding resins, impact modifiers and processing aids, acryUc film, ABS and polyester resin modifiers, surface coatings, acryUc lacquers, emulsion polymers, petroleum chemicals, and various copolymers (see METHACRYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES METHACRYLIC POLYMERS). 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate). PET is a crystalline material and hence difficult to plasticize. Additionally, since PET is used as a high strength film and textile fiber, plasticization is not usually required although esters showing plasticizing properties with PVC may be used in small amounts as processing aids and external lubricants. Plasticizers have also been used to aid the injection mol ding of PET, but only at low concentrations. 

To facilitate and accelerate folding and crystallization of polymer chains, internal plasticizers are often added to PET to serve as crystallation promoters. Such additives are usually based on poly(ether ester)s. These plasticizers are liquids that are typically added at levels of 2-4 wt%. They reduce cycle time in injection moulding operations by increasing the rate of crystalline formation. They also plasticize the resin and act as processing aids by virtue of their lubricating action in the melt. On a molecular level, these plasticizers reduce the intermolecular... 

Most ethylenimine is converted into poly-ethylenimine, a processing aid in the paper industry. It also serves as a reaction interme-... 

Many papers and patents deal with incorporation of additives in the poly-(urethane-seq-butadiene)s to increase the condensation efficiency, to improve the processing, or to improve the properties of solid propellants. A processing aid, trialkylamine 2201 and also tetracycline 221), was shown to reduce the viscosity and increase the pot life of hydroxytelechelic polybutadiene/polyisocyanate systems. It has been shown that the cure of isophorone diisocyanate and hydroxytelechelic polybutadienes was not affected by the addition of the ammonium perchlorate propellant 222). Special modification of HTPBs have been referred to in Refs. 223 236>. 

Processing Aids, Impact Modifiers, and Other Additives Applications for Poly(vinyl chloride)... 

Amoco Resin 18. [Amoco] Poly-a-methylstyrene extrusion and mending process aid in ABS, PVC, CPVC, and semirigid vinyl, thermoplastic urethanes, molded rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers modifier and rein-forcer in adhesives, thermoplastic powd. coatings, hot-mielt coatings. 

Permapol . [Products Research Chem.] Poly oetherpolymos adhesion ixomoter, processing aid, reactive plasticizer coreactant to form polyurethanes or polyester. 

Fluoropolymers (e.g., copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene) and silicone-based (e.g., poly-dimethylsiloxanes) additives are often referred to as processing aids, preventing melt-fracture, for example, the so-called sharkskin. Fluoropolymers are applied in concentrations between 0.01% and 0.1%. 

High-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide) resins are effective flocculants for many types of clays, coal suspensions, and colloidal silica, and so find application as process aids in mining and... 

Earostat 264 A extrusion aid, plastic film Tospeari 2000B extrusion aid, polymeis Protopet White IS Protopet Yellow 2A White Eonoline Yellow Eonoline extrusion copolymer, coatings EUiylene/melhaciylic acid copolymer extrusion copolymer, film Ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer extrusion process aid, ABS Poly-a-methylstyrene extrusion process aid, CPVC Poly-a-meihylstyrene extrusion process aid, PVC Poly-a-methylstyrene extrusion process aid, thermoplastic elastomers Poly-a-methylstyrene extrusion process aid, thermoplastic urethanes... 

R. Greenwood, K. KendaU, S. Ritchie, M.J. Snowden. The use of poly (N-isopropylaciylamide) microgels as a multi-functional processing aid for aqueous alumina suspensions. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2000 20 1707-1716. 

Toxicology LDLo (oral, rat) 1500 mg/kg mod. toxic by ing. mutagen TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of NOx Uses Chemical conditioner for MR, butyl rubber, cements processing aid, vulcanization accelerator, activator for butyl rubber in vulcanized nat. or syn. rubber closure-sealing gaskets for food containers Regulatory FDA 21CFR 177.1210 Trade Name Synonyms Poly DNB [Lord http //www.lordcorp. com]... 

Poly-l-lysine. See Polylysine Polymaleic acid CAS 26099-09-2 Formula [CHCOOHCHCOOHJx Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Scale inhibitor, dispersant in cooling water treatment, beet/cane sugar processing boiler water additive for food contact food processing aid... 

Poly-a-methylstyrene processing aid, monomer degassing Simethicone... 

Alkane sulfonates are applied in a widespread manner in emulsion polymerization. They are used as processing aids, in particular in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, styrene and acrylonitrile. Because they possess no double bonds, alkane sulfonates do not act as radical chain stoppers. Well-known lattices derived from emulsion polymerization are poly(vinyl chloride), ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, polyacrylates, and butadiene and chloroprene rubbers. Alkane sulfonates also offer good stabilizing effects in lattices against coagulation by fillers. 

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