Poly phosphorus-containing

Phosphorus containing poly(maleimide-amines) were synthesized from N,N -bisdichloromaleimido-3,3 -diphenyl alkylphosphine oxides and aromatic diamines or piperazine [144]. The polymers prepared from piperazine are soluble in DMF, DM AC, DMSO, etc., but have poor thermal stability and flame retardancy. 

Compounds with a P-C bond can be observed to a large extent in the field of bi- and poly functional phosphorus-containing surfactants. Alkylphosphonic... 

Figure I. Molecular mass distribution curves from phosphorus-containing poly-ethyleneterephlhalate sample with 0.74% phosphorus modified with sodium salt of diethyl phosphite. Key l, integral curve 2. differential curve and 3, integral curve of phosphorus distribution.

In summary, linear phosphorus-containing poly(N-arylanilines) can be readily obtained by palladium-catalyzed C-P bond formation. Their physical properties strongly support electronic delocalization through o3-P centers along the polymer backbone, something that is switched off upon oxidation of the P atoms. 

D. Price, K. Pyrah, T.R. Huh, G.J. Milnes, J.R. Ebdon, BJ. Hunt, P. Joseph, and C.S. Konkel, Flame retarding poly(methyl methacrylate) with phosphorus-containing compounds Comparison of an additive with a reactive approach. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 74,441 447 (2001). 

Price, D., Pyrah, K., Hull, T. R., Milnes, G. J., Ebdon, J. R., Hunt, B. J., and Joseph. P., Flame retardance of poly(methyl methacrylate) modified with phosphorus-containing compounds, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2002, 77, 227-233. 

Banks, M., Ebdon, J. R., and Johnson, M., Influence of covalently bound phosphorus-containing groups on the flammability of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) and low-density polyethylene, Polymer, 1993, 34, 4547 1556. 

Wang, D.Y., Ge, X.G., Wang, Y.Z., Wang, C., Qu, M.H., and Zhou, Q. 2006. A novel phosphorus-containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposite with both flame retardancy and anti-dripping effects. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 291 638-645. 

For polyester, the reported work82 done in Sichuan University of China, involves adding MMT clay in a copolymer of poly(ethyleneterephthalate), which with a phosphorus-containing monomer could produce PET with higher thermal stability and char-forming tendency. However, fibers were not produced from this PET-nanocomposite polymers. 

Polymers with an aromatic group in the main chain, however, such as polysulphones, polycarbonates and poly(phenylene oxides) proved to be intermediate in their smoke generation, possibly due to their considerable charring tendency. Also the unexpected drop in smoke density observed when poly(vinyl chloride) is partially chlorinated may be attributed to the high char yield. Einhom et al. (1968) concluded that smoke development decreases with increasing amount of chlorine- and phosphorus-containing additives, and with increasing cross-link density. 

Oligomer 163 represents a stabilizer having PA chain with pendant phenolic moiety [31], Pendant hindered piperidine or piperazine moieties were attached to oligomeric stabilizers having polysulfonamide, polyurea (e.g. 164), or PA (e.g. 165) unis [213]. Polyhydrazide 166 was tested as HD AO and copper deactivator in PP [214]. Poly (nitrophenylene-carbazide disulfide) 167 was prepared for thermal stabilization of PVC. Phosphorus containing crosslinkable polymers having polyamide, polyimide and polyurea chains were prepared for flame and heat resistant applications [215]. 

Brominated styrene grafted onto PET is capable of acting as a nonvolatile FR for PET fabrics [328]. Polyphosphate esters can be used as flame retardant plasticizers [204], phosphorus containing moieties act as color improvers and thermostabilizers in polyesters [198, 205]. Antistatic properties of copolymers containing moieties with sulfonic acids have been reported [107]. Some polymers, like poly(JV-vinylimidazole) impart anticorrosive and antirusting properties to protective coatings of metals [329]. 

Furin, G.G., Phosphorus-containing nucleophiles in reactions with poly fluorinated organic compounds, Usp. Khim., 62, 267, 1993 Russ. Chem. Rev., 62, 243, 1993. 

Relies and Schluenz (8) have reported the preparation of poly(maleimide-ethers) by using bisphenols and bisdichloromaleimides. These polymers were soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and gave tough flexible films. Phosphorus-containing poly(maleimide-amines) have been reported to have poor thermal stability and little flame retardation (9). 

TABLE 8.1. Conditions for MNP Synthesis by ion impiantation into Poiyvinyiidene Fiuoride (PVF2), Polyimide (PI), Polymethyl-methacryiate (PMMA), Poiymethyimethacryiate with Phosphorus-Containing Fragments (PMMA -1- PF), Polyethylene (PE), Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), Silicone Polymer (Phenylmethyl-silane Resin with Tin Diethyidicaprilate), Epoxy Polycarbonate (PC), and Polyetherimide (PEI) ... 

Beside inhibiting thermooxidative ageing, phosphorus containing additives increase radiation resistance of polyimides and poly(alkyl terephthalates) the rate of evolution of the aromatic ring radiation degradation product - CH4 reduces two-fold. 

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