Poly flame retardancy

D. Price, K. Pyrah, T.R. Huh, G.J. Milnes, J.R. Ebdon, BJ. Hunt, P. Joseph, and C.S. Konkel, Flame retarding poly(methyl methacrylate) with phosphorus-containing compounds Comparison of an additive with a reactive approach. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 74,441 447 (2001). 

Price, D., Cunliffe, L. K., Bullett, K. J., Milnes, G. J., Ebdon, J. R., Hunt, B. J., and Joseph, P., Thermal behaviour of covalently bonded phosphonate flame-retarded poly(methyl methacrylate) systems, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2008, 19, 710-723. 

In response to the continuing discovery of the persistence, bioaccumulative properties, and toxicity of POPs, regional, national and international policies ban the intentional production of compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), several organochlo-rine pesticides, such as mirex and dieldrin, and the brominated flame retardants poly-brominated diphenyl ethers (penta-BDE and octa-BDE, and most recently, deca-BDE). Policies and programs have also targeted the unintentional production and release of POPs such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs). Evidence of the success of these policies has been seen in immediate reductions of air concentrations, followed by declining concentrations in water bodies, soils, biota and our food supplies... 

Jurs, J.L. Tour, J.M. Novel flame retardant poly-arylethers synthesis and testing. Polymer 2003, 44. 

In addition to certain of the articles cited above, numerous new applications of cyclophosphazenes have been described, almost exclusively in the patent literature. The ever popular flame retardancy property of phosphazenes is again an important area. The use of amidophosphazenes [(NH2)2PN] (n>3) for cellulose fibers is noted, - including an approach which allows the use of the amidophosphazene without previous removal of the difficult to separate NH Cf. Alkoxy (Et,Pr,Bu) phosphazenes combined with siloxanes have also been used in cellulosic fibers. Triallyl-phenoxytriphenoxycyclotriphosphazene is an additive in the production of flame retardant poly (siloxanes). ... 

Polymer Degradation and Stability 47, No.3,1995, p.413-21 COMPARISON OF THE THERMAL DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF POLY(BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) AND FLAME RETARDANT POLY(BUTYLENE... 

N. Wu, S. Lang, Elame retardancy and toughness modification of flame retardant poly-carbonate/aerylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/AHP composites. Polymer Degradation and StabiUty, ISSN 0141-3910 123 (January 2016) 26-35. http //dx.doi.0rg/lO.lOl6/j. polymdegradstab.2015.11.007. 

Higher molecular weights can be attained by adding tri- or tetrahydric phenols or triaryl phosphates to the reaction mixture (105). A transparent flame-retardant poly(methylphosphonate) thermoplastic made by this technology was for a time in development by Bayer (103). Mechanical properties were excellent, although resistance to hot water was somewhat deficient. 

The utilization in polyester synthesis is shown in (Scheme 48). Eight new flame-retardant poly(amide-imide)s incorporating phosphine oxide moieties were synthesized starting from bis(3-aminophenyl-)phenylphosphine oxide that was converted to a bis(3-carboxyl-phthalimido) derivative. 

E. Gallo, U. Braun, B. Schartel, P. Russo, andD. Acierno, Halogen-free flame retarded poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) using metal oxides/PBT nanocomposites in combination with aluminium phosphinate. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94 (2(X)9), 1245-53. 

Wang, X., Hu, Y., Song, L., Xuan, S., Xing, W., Bai, Z., et al., 2011. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant poly(lactic acid)/starch hiocomposites. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50, 713-720. 

Flame retardants poly(vinyl alcohol) and silicon compounds Flame retardants synergisms involving halogens ... 

Hassel [103] has compared DSC, TG, thermal evolution analysis, TMA and DMA in evaluating flame retardant textiles based on different polyester fibres. Also the thermoanalytical analysis (DSC, TGA) of a sisal reinforced flame retardant poly-ester/(DBDPO, Sb203) formulation has been described [104]. Larcey et al. [105] have reported use of a simultaneous TG-DSC system (STA) to investigate the suitability of using magnesium hydroxide as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant in PP formulations. 

Table 7.8 Foamed Flame Retardant Poly(phenylene ether) Compositions (18)...

A number of flame-retardant poly(amide-imide)s containing phosphine oxide and hydantoin moieties in main chain were prepared (Faghihi, 2006). Irradiation of the reaction mixtures in a microwave oven led to the desired poly(amide-imide)s within a short time of 7-12 min while classical thermal polycondensation required almost a day. 

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