Poly e-Caprolactone

Heating from 373 to 403 K (in thin iines) foiiowed by anneaiing for 70 min (thick iines). 

Further analysis of the two samples of Fig. 6.62 is done by TMDSC, as seen in the left graphs of Fig. 6.64. A comparison of the two reversing heat capacities shows that the cold crystallization and the transition mesophase-to-a-monoclinic crystals do not show, i.e., they are nonreversing. There remains, however, a substantial reversing contribution which is larger for the quenched iPP than for the lamellar, melt-cooled iPP. The upper limit of the devitrification of the RAF seems to occur at 320-330 K, 

TMDSC of lootactio Polypropylene with and Without Underlying Heating Rate 

00 - quasi-isothermal, rectangular - multi-frequency temperature - profile with a period of 600 s Cp(100% solid) 

PCL is a biodegradable, synthetic, partially crystalline polyester with a low Tm (60 °C) 

The first synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyester commercially available was poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), produced under the trade name Tone by the Union Carbide Corporation in the USA. The product was the subject of a number of biodegradability studies [7] and was originally employed for medical sutures, and then as a component in biodegradable polyester/starch blends (e.g., Mater-Bi Z-grade, Novamont, Novara, Italy) [13]. 

PCL is a semicrystalline flexible polymer produced by the ring-opening polymerisation of e-caprolactone. Union Carbide patented a process which allows achieving a MW as high as 100,000 using stannous octanoate as a polymerisation initiator [51]. 

The production of Tone was stopped and PCL is at present available from the Perstorp Group under the trade name CAPA . 

Adapted from CAPA Product Data Sheets, Perstorp Group, Perstorp, Sweden, 1 August 2013 152]  

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Polyaza six-membered ring systems, 3, 1039-1086 Poly-e-caprolactone production, 7, 589 Polycyclic compounds nomenclature, 1, 14-28 Polyfuroxans, 6, 426 Polygermacyclopentanes, 1, 609... 

Poly (e -caprolactone) CAPA Solvay Environmental Petrochemistry... 

PHB poly(3-hydroxybutanoic acid) PHBV poly(3-hydroxybutanoic acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid), ref. 105. CCAPA poly(e-caprolactone) FB100, ref. 456. 

Calderon classical catalyst system, 457 CAPA. See Poly(e-caprolactone) (CAPA, PCL)... 

OH-terminated poly(ethylene adipate-co-maleate), 97 OH-terminated poly(e-caprolactone), 98-99... 

See also PBT degradation structure and properties of, 44-46 synthesis of, 106, 191 Polycaprolactam (PCA), 530, 541 Poly(e-caprolactone) (CAPA, PCL), 28, 42, 86. See also PCL degradation OH-terminated, 98-99 Polycaprolactones, 213 Poly(carbo[dimethyl]silane)s, 450, 451 Polycarbonate glycols, 207 Polycarbonate-polysulfone block copolymer, 360 Polycarbonates, 213 chemical structure of, 5 Polycarbosilanes, 450-456 Poly(chlorocarbosilanes), 454 Polycondensations, 57, 100 Poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), 25 Polydimethyl siloxanes, 4 Poly(dioxanone) (PDO), 27 Poly (4,4 -dipheny lpheny lpho sphine oxide) (PAPO), 347 Polydispersity, 57 Polydispersity index, 444 Poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA), 41 Poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA), 42 Polyester amides, 18 Polyester-based networks, 58-60 Polyester carbonates, 18 Polyester-ether block copolymers, 20 Polyester-ethers, 26... 

Broz, M.E., VanderHart, D.L. and Washburn, N.R. 2003. Structure and mechanical properties of poly(d,l-lactic acid)/poly(e-caprolactone) blends. Biomaterials 24 4181-4190. 

POLY(e-CAPROLACTONE) COPOLYMERS WITH GLYCOLIDE OR LACTIDE... 

Goma K and Gogolewski S. Biodegradable polyurethane implants U in vitro degradadon and calcification of materials from poly (e-caprolactone)-polyethylene) diols and various chain extenders. J Biomater Res, 2002, 60, 592-606. 

TABLE 2 Diffusion Coefficients (x 10 cm2/sec) of Various Drugs in Poly-e-caprolactone... 

Release of tetracycUne hydrochloride from PCL fibers was evaluated as a means of controlled administration to periodontal pockets (69). Only small amounts of the drug were released rapidly in vitro or in vivo, and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) gave superior results. Because Fickian diffusion of an ionic hydrochloride salt in a UpophiUc polymer is unlikely, and because PCL and EVA have essentially identical Fickian permeabilities, we attribute this result to leaching of the charged salt by a mechanism similar to release of proteins from EVA (73). Poly-e-caprolactone pellets have been found unsuitable for the release of methylene blue, another ionic species (74,75). In this case, blending PCL with polyvinyl alcohol (75% hydrolyzed) increased the release rate. 

Poly-e-caprolactone fibers have been used to control the release of herbicides into an aquatic environment (76,77). A PCL blend with... 

FIGURE 16A Daily rate of release of naltrexone from a poly-e-caprolactone-co-lactic acid capsule (reservoir device) under in vitro conditions. (From Ref. 89.)... 

The effects of a series of added tertiary amines on the rate of chedn scission of other polyesters, including poly( e-caprolactone-co-lactic acid), has been studied and found to be equally great (65). The mechanism with tertiary amines can only be general base catalysis for the effectiveness of the amines was not related to their pK values or lipophilicities. The acceleration of the hydrolysis of the polyesters was used as a strategy for controlling the drug release rate. 

A method of assessing the toxicity of implants has been proposed based on the effects on cell ultrastructure in organ cultures, on cell surface characteristics, and cell population doubling times. The effects have been correlated with hemorrhage, fibrosis, and necrosis, respectively (103). Poly-e-caprolactone was stated to give minimal tissue reaction and could not be scored in these tests. 

Koleske, J. V., Blends containing poly( e-caprolactone) and related polymers, in Polymer Blends. Vol. 2 (D. R. Paul and S. Newman, eds.). Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 369-389. 

Balas, A., Palka, G., Foks, J., and Janik, H., Properties of cast urethane elastomers prepared from poly( e-caprolactone)s,... 

Perret, R., and Skoulios, A., Synthese et caracterisation de copolymeres sequences polyoxyethylene/poly-e-caprolactone. 

Ouhadi, T., Stevens, C., and Teyssie, P., Study of poly-e-caprolactone bulk degradation, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 20, 2963-2970, 1976. 

Thermodynamics of fusion of poly-p-propiolactone and poly-e-caprolactone. Comparative analysis of the melting of aliphatic polylactone and polyester chains, Eur. Polym. J.. 8, 449-463, 1972. 

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