Poly-E-a-

The amine-terminated poly(EA) was prepared by the chain transfer polymerization of EA in the presence of the salt of aminomercaptan, followed by the reaction with carbon disulfide to give the polymeric iniferter 31. The polymerizations of St and MMA with 31 provided the triblock copolymers, poly(EA)-block-poly(St)-fcfoc/c-poly(EA) and poly(E A)-Woc/c-poly(MMA)-fcfoc/c-poly(EA), respectively, as shown in Eq. (29) [ 147] ... 

Binding behavior of transition metal ions with polyallylamine20), poly(e-A-methacryloyl-L-lysine)2,), branched poly(ethyleneimine)s 22), water soluble polymer-bound iminodiacetic acid analogue 23), and polyacrylamide gel 241 has been reported. In these works, the effect of the polymer backbone has been discussed in terms of interaction of metal ions with the polymer chains. 

Figure 15.4 Complex electrochemical impedance plots for a poly-(E)-a-[(2-furanyl)methylene]-2-thiophene-acetonitrile film deposited on a carbon paper electrode at the potential indicated in 1 M (C21-15)4NBF4-acetonitrile solution. Reprinted with permission from F. Fusalba, H. A. Ho, L. Breau and D. Belanger, Poly(cyano-substituted diheteroareneethylene) as active electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors, Chem. Mater., 12, 2581-2589 (2000). Copyright 2000 American Chemical Society...

In 2000, Fujita and coworkers reported bis(pyrrolide-iniine)titanium complexes for ethylene polymerization, however, living behavior was not observed (Yoshida et al., 2000). As a result, Fujita and coworkers turned their attention to the copolymerization of ethylene and norbornene (Yoshida et al., 2002 Yoshida et al., 2003 Yoshida et al., 2004). At 25 X, 47a-d/MAO (Figure 9.6) furnished poly(E-a/t-NB) with narrow molecular-weight distributions and high molecular weights MJM = 1.10-1.24, = 127000-600000g/mol). A linear increase of... 

A linear molecule has a carboxyl group at one end and an amino group at the other, such as poly(e-caprolactam) ... 

The stoichiometry of the redox reactions of conducting polymers (n and m in reactions 1 and 2) is quite variable. Under the most widely used conditions, polypyrroles and polythiophenes can be reversibly oxidized to a level of one hole per ca. 3 monomer units (i.e., a degree of oxidation, n, of ca. 0.3).7 However, this limit is dictated by the stability of the oxidized film under the conditions employed (Section V). With particularly dry and unreactive solvents, degrees of oxidation of 0.5 can be reversibly attained,37 and for poly-(4,4 -dimethoxybithiophene), a value of n = 1 has been reported.38 Although much fewer data are available for n-doping, it appears to involve similar stoichiometries [i.e., m in Eq. (2) is typically ca. 0.3].34,39"41 Polyanilines can in principle be reversibly p-doped to one... 

Similar divergences are found for lithium poly-2,4-hexadiene solution (1 10-3 M in living polymers) for which a sixfold decrease of viscosity upon protonation corresponding to a degree of association of 1.7 was reported 113), whereas only a threefold decrease, i.e. a degree of association of 1.4 was indicated earlier 1,8). The difference between the 1.7 and 1.4 values was tentatively attributed to a slow decomposition of the active ends over a period of two weeks U8) notwithstanding their reported good... 

Al-Mulla, E.A.J., Suhail, A. H. and Aowda, S. 2011. A. New biopolymer nanocomposites based on epoxidized soybean oil plastidzed poly(lactic add)/fatty nitrogen compounds modified clay Preparation and characterization. Industrial Crops and Products 33. 23-29. 

Release of tetracycUne hydrochloride from PCL fibers was evaluated as a means of controlled administration to periodontal pockets (69). Only small amounts of the drug were released rapidly in vitro or in vivo, and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) gave superior results. Because Fickian diffusion of an ionic hydrochloride salt in a UpophiUc polymer is unlikely, and because PCL and EVA have essentially identical Fickian permeabilities, we attribute this result to leaching of the charged salt by a mechanism similar to release of proteins from EVA (73). Poly-e-caprolactone pellets have been found unsuitable for the release of methylene blue, another ionic species (74,75). In this case, blending PCL with polyvinyl alcohol (75% hydrolyzed) increased the release rate. 

Poly-e-caprolactone fibers have been used to control the release of herbicides into an aquatic environment (76,77). A PCL blend with... 

FIGURE 16A Daily rate of release of naltrexone from a poly-e-caprolactone-co-lactic acid capsule (reservoir device) under in vitro conditions. (From Ref. 89.)... 

The effects of a series of added tertiary amines on the rate of chedn scission of other polyesters, including poly( e-caprolactone-co-lactic acid), has been studied and found to be equally great (65). The mechanism with tertiary amines can only be general base catalysis for the effectiveness of the amines was not related to their pK values or lipophilicities. The acceleration of the hydrolysis of the polyesters was used as a strategy for controlling the drug release rate. 

A method of assessing the toxicity of implants has been proposed based on the effects on cell ultrastructure in organ cultures, on cell surface characteristics, and cell population doubling times. The effects have been correlated with hemorrhage, fibrosis, and necrosis, respectively (103). Poly-e-caprolactone was stated to give minimal tissue reaction and could not be scored in these tests. 

Balas, A., Palka, G., Foks, J., and Janik, H., Properties of cast urethane elastomers prepared from poly( e-caprolactone)s,... 

Perret, R., and Skoulios, A., Synthese et caracterisation de copolymeres sequences polyoxyethylene/poly-e-caprolactone. 

Bailey, W, J., Ni, Z., and Wu, S.-R., Synthesis of poly-e-capralactone via a free radical mechanism. Free radical ringopening polymerization of 2-methylene-l, 3-dioxepane, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed.. 3021-3030, 1982. 

---