Poly containing styrene

Diene polymers refer to polymers synthesized from monomers that contain two carbon-carbon double bonds (i.e., diene monomers). Butadiene and isoprene are typical diene monomers (see Scheme 19.1). Butadiene monomers can link to each other in three ways to produce ds-1,4-polybutadiene, trans-l,4-polybutadi-ene and 1,2-polybutadiene, while isoprene monomers can link to each other in four ways. These dienes are the fundamental monomers which are used to synthesize most synthetic rubbers. Typical diene polymers include polyisoprene, polybutadiene and polychloroprene. Diene-based polymers usually refer to diene polymers as well as to those copolymers of which at least one monomer is a diene. They include various copolymers of diene monomers with other monomers, such as poly(butadiene-styrene) and nitrile butadiene rubbers. Except for natural polyisoprene, which is derived from the sap of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, all other diene-based polymers are prepared synthetically by polymerization methods. 

Transparent Polymers. Amorphous thermoplastics, like poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, SAN, PVC, or the cellulose esters are transparent and used for glazing, photographic film, blown bottles, or clear packaging containers. Only a few crystalline thermoplastics, like poly (4-methyl-l-pentane), where the crystalline and the amorphous phases have almost identical refractive indexes, or polycarbonate, which has smaller crystals than the wavelength of light, are also transparent. R. Kosfeld and co-workers analyzed the mobility of methyl groups in polycarbonate, poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly( -methyl styrene) by NMR spectroscopy. 

Trinh CK, Schnabel W. Polyelectrolyte complexes of binary and ternary systems containing poly(sodium styrene sulfonate), poly(sodium phosphate), and poly(/V-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide). Angew Makromol Chem 1994 221 127-135. 

Poly(a-raethy1styrene- -isobutylene- -a-methyIstyrene) was prepared by the initiation of a-raethylstyrene polymerization from a ditelechelic polyisobutylene containing tert-chlorine end groups. AlEt2Cl was used as coinitiator (177). Poly(isobutylene- -styrene) and poly(isobutylene- -a-raethylstyrene) were prepared by the initiation of styrene and a-raethyIstyrene polymerization from an asymmetric telechelic polyisobutylene, that is, (CH2)2-C=Ch-CH PiB—CH2-C(CH3)2C1 and AlEt2Cl (178). 

ECPBs were prepared by melt blending a matrix polymer (selected from between PE, PP, PB, PIB, PMP, EPR, CPE, CSR, PS, poly-alkanes containing styrene, acryl, vinyl, or fluoro-ethyl... 

The utility of polyaniline in corrosion resistant coatings has been noted [McAndrew et al., 1996]. The addition of polyaniline to acid containing polymers e.g., polyamic acid precursor of poly-imides, styrene-acrylic acid copolymers) allowed for polymeric doping and intermediate corrosion protection of the blends compared to the constituents. Epoxy addition and diisocyante terminated... 

Phosphine-derivatised poly(4-/i r/-butylstyrene) has been prepared for use as a soluble support in homogeneous catalysis.It was used in a monophasic medium and separation of the catalysts after reaction was effected either by cooling- or water-induced phase separation. The support was prepared by co-polymerisation of /i r/-butylstyrene with a phosphine oxide-containing styrene monomer (Scheme 19) A small quantity of a methyl red-labelled comonomer was also added to act as a colorometric tag to facilitate studies of the extent of separation and recycling of the polymeric material. The phosphine oxide was reduced to the free phosphine after the polymerisation step was complete. 

The earliest rubber to be manufactured synthetically was not poly-isoprene but the copolymer of butadiene and styrene (SBR) by random free radical polymerisation. Modern SBR contains styrene and butadiene units in the ratio 1 3. 

PVME with PS, P(S9-co-oMeSl), P(S9-co-mMeSl), or P(S9-co-pMeSl). It is to be noted that the cloud points of mixtures containing copolymers are all lower than those containing PS at all blend compositions, and the compatibility with PVME of copolymers containing styrene derivatives diminishes in the order poly(styrene-co-o-methylstyrene) > poly(styrene-co-p-methylstyrene) > poly(styrene-co-m-methylstyrene). The same trend can be observed in the cloud point data of blends of PVME with styrene derivative copolymers having the composition 80/20(by monomer feed ratio), as can be seen in Figure 3. 

Scheme 14.4 Oxidation of cyanide ions photocatalyzed by poly(sodium styrene sulfonate-co-2-vinylnaphthalene) N denotes the naphthalene moiety contained in the copolymer as a pendant group [8].

The complexation of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) and poly(4-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) is easy to form (17) (49). By combining two water-based solutions of each polymer at equimolar concentration, the complex forms immediately as evident by the formation of white precipitate. Another example is the polyelectrolyte complexation of an amino group containing chitosan with the polymer sodium alginate (50). Sodium alginate also forms a strong complex through the association of calcium ions (51). 

Structural studies of polymer surfaces materials that have been studied include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [22], PMMA-polypyrrole composites [23], poly(chloromethyl styrene) bound 1,4,8,11 tetrazacrylotetra decane poly(chloromethyl styrene) bound theonyl trifluoroacetone [24], polydimethyl siloxane-polyamide copolymers [25], PS [26], ion-implanted PE [27], monoazido-terminated polyethylene oxide [28], polyurethanes [29], polyaniline [30], fluorinated polymer films [31], poly(o-toluidine) [32], polyetherimide and polybenzimidazole [33], polyfullerene palladium [34], imidazole-containing imidazolylethyl maleamic acid - octadecyl vinyl ether copolymer [35], polyphenylene vinylene ether [36], thiphene oligomers [37], fluorinated styrene-isoprene derivative of a methyl methacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer [38], polythiophene [39], dibromoalkane-hexafluorisopropylidene diphenol and bisphenol A [40], and geopolymers [41],... 

Another instance in which a crosslinking side-reaction can be expected to occur, at least to some extent, is in the reaction of a pol3rmer with a substrate which contains two or more identical reactive groups. For example, Nishikubo and coworkers (Ref. 20) have shown that some crosslinking occurs in the reaction of malononitrile, which has two active hydrogens, with poly(chloromethyl styrene) in basic medium under phase transfer conditions. 

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