Poly-alpha-olefins

Affinity PE copolymers with poly(alpha-olefins) Dow... 

A popular method for certifying the integrity of the filter installation uses a polydisperse aerosol, created by blowing air through liquid (e.g., poly-alpha-olefin) introduced into the upstream ductwork, followed by scanning the entire downstream side of the filter face and periphery with a probe nozzle of an aerosol photometer. This testing will identify leaks caused by damage due to... 

Tait, P. J. T. Livesey, P. J., "Thermodynamic Studies of Poly(alpha-olefin)- Solvent Systems," Polymer, 11, 359 (1970). 

Poly alpha olefin (PAO) with viscosity of 2 cSt at 100°C (hydrogenated dimmers/trimers of a-decene). 

Synthetic motor oils are made of a synthesized hydrocarbon base oil of hydrogenated polydecene, decanoic acid esters, zinc alkyl dithiophosphate, and synthetic poly alpha olefins. Most synthetic oils also contain additives, detergents, and corrosion inhibitors as well as viscosity modifiers. It is believed that the first synthesized polymeric hydrocarbons were synthesized in 1877, yet it was not until 1929 that the commercial development of synthetic lubricants was undertaken. Because of the availability of commercial petroleum-based lubricants, these synthetic lubricants were ultimately unsuccessful. The advent of commercial jet travel spurred the development of the first commercially successful synthetic lubricant, Mobil 1, in 1975. This lubricant had superior resistance to thermal breakdown and lower friction properties than petroleum-based products. 

The largest volume of grease in use is made from petroleum products produced from naphthenic, paraffinic, blended, hydrocracked, hydrogenated, and solvent-refined stocks. In addition to petroleum oils, other lubricating fluids, such as esters, diesters, silicones, polyethers, and synthetic hydrocarbons, are also used. Of the synthetic fluids used in grease manufacture, the most common type is poly(alpha)olefin (PAO). 

Poly-alpha-olefins and similar hydrocarbons Synthetic fluids with no specific fire-resistant properties Fire-resistant oil-in-water emulsions containing maximum 20% mass of combustible materials... 

Poly-alpha-olefins and similar hydrocarbons have relatively low volatilities up to 160°C in comparison with corresponding mineral oils and have complete miscibility with esters and mineral oils. Their drawbacks are relatively poor solvency for many additive types and a tendency for low viscosity grades to cause shrinking of some rubber seals. 

It should be noted that the use of dioctyl phthalate smoke to test high-efficiency filters is no longer used in field certification tests due to hazards. Poly alpha olefin is used instead. For more information,... 

Simulated agents most used include aerosols of sodium chloride (common salt), corn oil, sunflower oil, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and poly alpha olefins (usually poly 1-decene, also known as Emery Oil ). Bacteria and viruses are sometimes used mostly spores of Bacillus... 

A wide-ranging study by French researchers (IFP and Elf) on oxidation mechanisms in solvent refined, isomerized wax, and poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) base stocks oxidation was published in 1995.33 Included was the finding that in modified TFOUT tests, insolubles formation was related to aromatics content, becoming significant at about 6% CA, but surprisingly not increasing further with CA (Figure 5.19). 

In the case of white oils from poly-alpha-olefins, the original work showed that the usual tests for PNAs, namely, the carbonizable and FDA UV tests, were passed by the products. Further analyses for specific PNAs, benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, and benzo(a)anthracene showed the levels of these contaminants to be less than 0.1 ppb (see Table 11.7). 

Cr/Si02, as described, was used for oligomerization of propene alone or cofed with ethylene to produce HVI-PAO (high viscosity index-poly alpha-olefin). This lubricant material had a structure with a CH3/CH2 ratio of less than 0.19, compared with a ratio greater than 0.20 for conventional PAO. 

Xiao, H. Jiang, J. Tang, Y. Study on encapsulation of poly-alpha-olefin with PVA-modified urea-form-aldehyde resin. Huaxue Yanjiu Yu Yingyong (2008), 20(6), 696-699. 

Polyketones Polynitriles Polyolefin copolymers Poly(alpha-olefins)... 

Hackmann, H. Repo, T. Jany, G. Rieger, B. Zirconocene-MAO catalyzed homo- and copolymerizations of linear asymmetrically substitnted dienes with propene A novel strategy to functional (co)poly(alpha-olefin)s. Macromo/. Chem. Phys. 1998, 799, 1511—1517. 

Hope, K.D., Driver, M.S. and Harris, T.V, High-viscosity poly(alpha-olefins) prepared with ionic liquid catalysts, US Pat. 6395948 (2002). 

Group IV base stocks are poly-alpha-olefins (PAO). 

While dispersant hydrocarbon backbones are currently dominated by conventional polyisobutylene, many more backbones are on the horizon with the potential to provide improved properties, processing, overall performance per cost, and the ability to optimize properties to respond to specific engine performance characteristics. Some of these (Fig. 8) include high vinylidene PIB, olefin copolymers (OCP) and poly-alpha olefins (PAO). Each of these will be discussed in terms of their structure and reactivity, physical properties and how these translate into strengths and weaknesses in the final application. 

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