Persistent environmental pollutant

Produced by fungi which can contaminate crops. Some, such as zearalenone, are oestrogenic DDT, lindane and beta-HCH are common, persistent environmental pollutants Widespread, persistent environmental pollutants... 

Name persistent environmental contaminants (have various names depending on agency - i.e. US EPA persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) or United Nations persistent organic pollutant (POP)... 

Move the elemental composition of technology closer to biocliemistry to eliminate persistent environmentally mobile pollutants... 

Bumpus J. A., M. Tien, D. Wright, and S.D. Aust (1985). Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white rot fungus. Science 228 1434-1436. 

Heptachlor [76-44-8] or l,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3, 4,7,7 -tetrahydro-4,7-methano-lff-indene (33) (mp 95°C, vp 0.04 Pa at 25°C), is soluble in water to 56 //g/L. It is about 3—5 times more active than chlordane as an insecticide. The rat LD5Qs are 100, 162 (oral) and 195,250 (dermal) mg/kg. Heptachlor is oxidized readily to heptachlor epoxide [1024-57-3] (mp 159°C), rat oral LD5Q 47 mg/kg, which is an important and highly persistent environmental pollutant. Hydrogenation of heptachlor produces p-dihydroheptachlor [14168-01-5] (mp 135°C), which retains high insecticidal activity with very low mammalian toxicity, rat oral LD50 >5000 mg/kg. 

Another notable class of persistent organohalide compounds is the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) class, discussed in Section 16.4. Widely used in industrial applications, these compounds have become widespread and persistent environmental pollutants. The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlo-rodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), commonly known as dioxin, discussed in Section 16.6, is an extremely persistent manufacturing by-product that has caused significant environmental problems. 

The acronym, POP, is gaining world-wide acceptance, although some national agencies still use other terms, e. g. persistent environmental pollutants (PEPs), for these chemicals. The chemical industry, for instance, terms them persistent, bioaccumidative, toxic substances (PBTs). The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) prefers bioaccumulative chemicals of concern (BCCs). Much of... 

The rate of chemical processes affects many facets of our lives. Aspirin is an effective antiinflammatory agent because it rapidly inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins (Section 19.6). Butter turns rancid with time because its lipids are only slowly oxidized by oxygen in the air to undesirable by-products (Section 15.11). DDT (Section 7.4) is a persistent environmental pollutant because it does not react appreciably with water, oxygen, or any other chemical with which it comes into contact. All of these processes occur at different rates, resulting in beneficial or harmful effects. 

Pharmaca designed to be resistant to metabolic and especially oxidative attack could be potential persistent environmental pollutants. Since, however, the biological degrading capacity of the water and soil microflora is highly differentiated, compounds stable enough to avoid biotoxification in mammals and other animals may still be sufficiently vulnerable to microbiological attack. Moreover, in the case of therapeutics, food additives and selective, e.g. pheromone-derived pesticides only relatively small quantities of substance are involved. 

Some important persistent environmental pollutants, such as l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are aryl halides therefore, studies... 

Because of their once widespread use in electrical equipment, as hydraulic fluids, and in many other applications, polychlorinated biphenyls, PBCs (see Chapter 14) became widely distributed, extremely persistent environmental pollutants in the Asian region. PCBs have a strong tendency to undergo bioaccumulation in lipid tissue. More details on the toxicological features of PBC will be discussed in Chapter 14. 

Bjorklund, E., Bpwadt, S., and Nilsson, T., Pressurised liquid extraction of persistent organic pollutants in environmental analysis. Trends Anal. Chem., 19, 434-445, 2000. 

The halogen bonding was also proposed to be involved in the toxicity mechanism of polyhaiogenated aromatic compounds, which are persistent environmental pollutants. 

Juantification of persistent environmental pollutants Protein identification... 

Pollution control/environmental protection in all its aspects is concerned not only with the environment within the factory, but also the environment outside and around the factory. Control of air, groxmd and water pollution protects the manpower asset directly and the money asset indirectly. Adverse publicity resulting from an organisation causing some form of pollution would initially harm the organisation s image, and perhaps harm it economically. Persistent breaches of one or other of the Acts dealing with pollution can ultimately lead to prosecution and fines with further adverse publicity, both at loc and national level. 

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