Pneumonia virus of mice

Common viral infections may affect the outcome of carcinogenicity studies by altering survival or tumor incidence. Nevertheless, viral infections did not cause consistent adverse effects on survival or tumor prevalence in control F344 rats from 28 NCI-NTP studies, though body weights were reduced by Sendai and pneumonia viruses of mice (Rao et al., 1989). The probability of such infections can be minimized by using viral-antibody-free animals, which are readily available. 

Lactate dehydrogenase virus Minute virus of mice Mouse adenovirus Mouse cytomegalovirus Thielers virus Mouse hepatitis virus Mouse rotavirus Pneumonia virus of mice Polyoma virus Retroviruses Thymic virus... 

Domachowske JB, Bonville CA, Dyer KD et al. Pulmonary eosinophilia and production of MIP-la are prominent responses to infection with pneumonia virus of mice. Cell Immunol 2000 200 98-104. 

In a chicken embryo hemagglutination valence-reduction test, Yan et al. (2002) investigated the inhibition of influenza virus A3 by the Lamiaceae Mosla chinensis EO. The authors assessed the activity of the EO for treatment against pneumonia in experiments with mice and found that the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by influenza virus A3 was reduced in Vero cells by this EO. The hemagglutination valence was reduced from 1 1280 to 1 20 and 1 160 at concentrations of 500, 250, and 50 mg/mL in 9-day-old chicken, respectively. At a dosage of 100 (ig/g/d, the therapeutic treatment of mice against pneumonia was successful. 

Arsenicals were ineffective in controlling certain bacterial and viral infections. Mice experimentally infected with bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonias) or viruses (pseudorabies, encephalitis, encephalmyocarditis) showed a significant increase in mortality when treated with large doses of arsenicals compared to nonarsenic-treated groups (NAS 1977 Aranyi et al. 1985). 

Despite the protective effect of NO against various viral infections, workers in several studies have shown a harmful role of NO in many systems. NO seems to play a part in the development of pneumonia caused by influenza virus [128], in the pathogenesis in mice of tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus infection [131], and in worsening the course of the murine myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 [132]. In addition, pneumonia in mice induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 could be suppressed by the inhibitor of iNOS [133]. The issue of whether NO acts as an inhibitor of viral replication or as a harmful agent, therefore, remains unanswered. This issue is particularly evident in HIV-1 infection, since NO seems to act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of HIV-1. 

In different species of experimental animals (mice, hamsters, rabbits, squirrel monkeys) it was shown that short as well as long exposures to nitrogen dioxide were able to increase the tendency to the infection of the respiratory tract by bacteria (bacterial pneumonia) or by the influenza virus [33, 34]. 

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