PMMA/PnBMA

Poly(methyl methacrylate) vs. others PMMA/PnBMA PMMA/PtBMA... 

PMMA-PnBMA blends RI channei PMMA-PnBMA blends IV channel... 

Another class of polymers with interesting intersegmental structure and packing properties are the poly(w-alkyl methacrylates) (55,56). Figure 13 gives the waxs pattern of PMMA, PnBMA, PnHMA, PnDMA, and PnLMA. With the exception of PMMA, the waxs spectra for poly( -alkyl methacrylates) show three peaks (arrows 1, 2, and 3 in Fig. 13b). The peak at high q, with an equivalent... 

The theory was originally compared to three polymer pairs, namely PS/PMMA PMMA/poly(n-butyl methacrylate), PnBMA and PnBMA/poly(vinyl acetate), PVA. The calculated interfacial tension agreed exactly with the experimental value for PnBMA/PVA it compared well for PMMA/PnBMA and differed by 50% for PS/PMMA. Helfand and Tagami suggested that, if x is too large, then the characteristic interfacial thickness is too small for flie mean-field theory to be appropriate. The theory has been widely used to estimate the interfacial tensirai in many different polymer polymer systems with acceptable success. 

Figure 15. Influence of the Polyester Yellow dye film absorbance and polymer binder material on the marking threshold energy. PnBMA = poly(n-butyl methacrylate) PiBMA = poly(isobutyl methacrylate) PS = polystyrene PsBMA = poly (sec-butyl methacrylate) PVB = polyvinylbutyl PMMA = polymethyl methacrylate PVAC = polyvinylacetate, S-iBMA = poly(styrene-co-isobutyl methacrylate), PC = polycarbonate S-AN — poly(styrene-co-...

For demonstration, the SEC behavior of different polymethacrylates is given in Fig. 6. On silica gel as the stationary phase and methyl ethyl ketone as the eluent, all polymethacrylates elute in the SEC mode. The calibration curves of elution volume vs. molar mass for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ferf-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA), poly( -butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) and po-ly(decyl methacrylate) (PDMA) reflect the inability of the system to separate dif-... 

This paper reviews the application of IGC in determining interaction parameters for three polymer blend systems polystyrene-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PS-PnBMA), polystyrene-poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PS-PPO), and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVF2-PMMA)... 

Several different types of block copolymers have been synthesized using RAFT methodologies. A difunctional ABA block copolymer of pnBMA and pMMA with Mn=112,200 and Mw/Mn=1.14 was prepared using a dithiobenzoate-based transfer agent [53]. Moad et al. [53] and Mayadunne et al. [54, 85] showed the versatility of RAFT by combining MMA or nBMA with St, M A with ethyl acrylate [53], and St with nBA, for block copolymers in an ABA fashion using a new transfer agent based on a trithiocarbonate structure (Fig.30) [85]. They illustrat-... 

Figure 2. Conflict requirement between the sensitivity and dryetching durability in positive electron resists based on methacrylate polymers. Sputter etching rates were measured under the same conditions using CF, gas. Key 1, poly(p-methoxypheny1 methacrylate) 2, poly(phenyI methacrylate) (PPhMA) 3, poly(3-phenylpropyl meyhacrylate) 4, poly(benzyl methacrylate) 5, poly(p-methoxybenzyl methacrylate) 6, poly(p-fluorophenyl methacrylate 7, poly(trichloropheny1 methacrylate) 8, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 9, poly(tert-buty1 methacrylate) 10, poly(ethyl methacrylate) 11, poly(isobutyl methacrylate) 12, poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) 13, poly(dimethyltetrafluoro methacrylate) (FPM) 14, poly(trichloromethyl methacrylate) (EBR-1) and 15, poly(hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) (FBM).

Among the poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s, the most studied ones are PMMA (poly-(methyl methacrylate)) [40, 50-51,102-104], PEMA (poly(ediyl methacrylate)) [40, 50-51,103-108] and PnBMA (poly(n-butyl methacrylate)) [40, 51, 103-106, 109], mainly by DRS and NMR (studies previous to 1965 have been reviewed in [2]). The development of the NMR technique and the increase of the frequency window in DRS brought new insights into the molecular dynamics of these materials (see [110] for details and references therein). 

The activation energy of 38 kJ mof was also foimd for the series PMMA, PEMA and PnBMA in ongoing studies in MD research group, in the... 

As host polymer matrices we used poly(alkyl methacrylate)s with various ester groups (methyl PMMA, ethyl PEMA, isopropyl PiPMA, normalpropyl PnPMA, isobutyl PiBMi normjdbutyl PnBMA), poly(methyl acrylate), polyethylene (PE), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVQ, poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDQ, j lyfvinyl alcohol) (PVOH), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PQ, phenolphthalein polyedier-ketone (PEK-Q, and phenolphthalein polyether-sulfone (PES-C). 

Similar 2D surface micelles were observed at the water-air interface with nonionic block copolymers like PS-h-PnBMA, PS-fc-PtBMA, PS-h-PtBA [28, 29], PS-fc-PMMA [30], PODCMA-h-PMMA [31] and PS-fc-PEO [32]. 

Figure 2.6 shows the calibration curves for poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA), poly(decyl methacrylate) (PDMA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ferfbutyl methacrylate) (PtBMA). It can be seen that the lines are almost parallel to each other, which implies that the slope hi is approximately constant, whereas bo varies. The changes in bo correspond to a change in the molar mass, and they may be quite large. For instance, when tetrahy-drofuran (TUF) is used as a solvent, polystyrene (at a given elution volume) has a mass tirat is about two times the mass of polycarbonate. It can be concluded that every polymer has its own calibration line, corresponding to a specific set of values for bo and b in Eq. 2.25. 

SEC calibration curves for PMMA, PDMA, PtBMA, PnBMA (reproduced with permission from Ref. 22). 

PCP = polychloroprene, PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane, PE = polyethylene, B-PE = branched polyethylene, L-PE = linear polyethylene, PEO = poly(ethylene oxide), PE VAc = poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), PIB = polyisobutylene, PMMA = poly(methyl methacrylate), PnBMA = poly(n-butyl methacrylate), PiBMA = poly(isobutyl methacrylate), PtBMA = poly(t-butyl methacrylate), PP = polypropylene, PS = polystyrene, PTMO = poly(tetramethylene oxide) or polytetrahydrofuran, PVAc = poly(vinyl acetate). 

The thermal behavior and the sphemlitic morphology of PEO/PMMA have been widely explored by many authors (Li and Hsu, 1984 Martuscelli et al., 1986 Silvestre et al., 1987 Talibuddin et al., 1996 Martuscelli et al., 1987 Schantz, 1997). Other than the extensively documented PEO/PMMA system, no other acrylate polymers like poly(propyl methacrylate (PPMA), poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCMA), and so on are recognized for their miscibility with PEO, and until recently, poly (phenyl methacrylate) (PPhMA) (Woo et al., 2000), poly (benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) (Mandal et al., 2000), poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) (Shafee and Ueda, 2002), PMA... 

Also included in Table 13.1 are data for several poly-(alkyl methacrylates) including poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (5), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) (6), poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) (7), poly(n-propyl methacrylate) (PnPMA) (8), poly( -butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) (9), and poly (isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA) (10). 

PMA, poly(methyl acrylate) PEA, poly(ethyl acrylate) PBA, poly(n-butyl acrylate) PCA, poly(cyclohexyl acrylate) PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate) PEMA, poly(ethyl methacrylate) PHEMA, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PnPMA, poly(n-propyl methacrylate) PnBMA, poly(n-butyl methacrylate) PiBMA, poly(isobutyl methacrylate). 

Fig.12A,B. LCCC chromatograms of blends of PMMA and PnBMA under the critical condition of PMMA. Column LiChrospher 300 A +1000 A, mobEe phase methyl ethyl ketone/cy-clohexane (72/28, v/v), detector A differential refractometer B capElary viscometer. The large injection solvent peak is suppressed in the chromatograms recorded by the viscosity detector.

Fig. 14.Dynamic integral desorption isotherm for a polymer blend containing PS (92 kg/mol), PLMA (470 kg/mol), PnBMA (57 kg/mol), PEMA (50 kg/mol), PMMA (103 kg/mol), and PEO (45 kg/mol). The polymers (0.01 mg each) were pre-adsorbed in a FAD column (De-velosil, 50x4.6 mm) using toluene eluent and desorbed with the increasing content of ethyl acetate (EAC). Reproduced from [126] with permission...

Fig. 15. Tg-scaled plot of the segmental relaxation times of PMMA ( ), PnEMA (A), PnBMA (A), PnHMA (T), PnNMA (v), PnDMA ( ), and PnLMA (o). The Tg is operationally defined here as the temperature at which the segmental relaxation time is 100 s. There is change in the nature of the glasses when going from PMMA to the higher member of the series, which reflects in the change from fragile to strong behavior.

Another method involves excimer fluorescence as a molecular probe see Section 2.9. The question may be raised as to whether polymer blends will become more miscible if the differences in their solubility parameters are reduced. Excimer fluorescence provides some evidence see Rgure 4.14 (52). Here, 0.2 wt.% of poly(2-vinyl naphthalene), P2VN, is dispersed in a series of poly (alkyl methacrylates). These include the following, which are identified in Figure 4.14 by acronym methyl, PMMA ethyl, PEMA n-propyl, PnPMA isopropyl, PiPMA n-butyl, PnBMA isobutyl, PiBMA . yec-butyl, PsBMA ferf-butyl, PtBMA phenyl, PPhMA, isobomyl, PiBoMA benzyl, PBzMA and cyclohexyl, PCMA. Two other host polymers were polystyrene, PS, and poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc. 

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