Plug-ins

Cement is then placed across the open perforations and partially squeezed Into the formation to seal off all production zones. Depending on the well configuration it is normal to set a series of cement and wireline plugs in both the liner and production casing (see Figure 16.2), to a depth level with the top of cement behind the production casing. 

The Internet provides numerous powerful communication and multi-media tools, such as Inter Relay Chat (IRC), NetMeeting, White boards, Internet Phone, Archie, FTP, Telnet and many companies offer custom solutions with "plug-ins" But those are not the most important tools for access to information. The following outlines some of the "basics"... 

Sofh are applications can mainly be divided into stand-alone programs that have to be installed on a local computer, and web-based appUcation.s. Furthermore, there arc two different tcchniquc.s u.scd in web-based applications for providing the programs applets and plug-ins. Whereas plug-ins (helper applications) have to be installed to be displayed correctly in a browser, java applets are loaded by the browser on demand. The basic requirement for executing java applets is that the java Virtual Machine (jVM) must be pre-installed on the local computer, which is oltcn the case. 

Fig. 7. Spinneret faces (a) segmented-arc design (b) plug-in-orifice design (c) tube-in-orifice (d) multiannular design.

Serviceability. ServiceabiUty is defined as the degree of ease (or difficulty) with which a system can be repaired. This measure specifically considers fault detection, isolation, and repair. RepairabiUty considers only the actual repair time, and is defined as the probabiUty that a failed system is restored to operation in a specified interval of active repair time. Access covers, plug-in modules, or other features to allow easy removal and replacement of failed components improve the repairabihty and serviceabihty (see also Electrical connectors). 

Chemical cleaning was considered since small-diameter pipe had been plugged in dead-leg regions. At the time of writing, no decision had been made concerning cleaning. 

Fig. 21-9 Bank of tube heal exchangers for sulfunc acid with plug-in cathodes.

The standard type of pitot tube shown in this figure does not need to be calibrated, but it may be easDy plugged in some high-effluent loading streams. The type S pitot tube shown in Fig. 32-6 does not plug as easily, but it does need calibration to assure its accuracy. The type S pitot tube is also more sensitive to alignment with the gas flow to obtain the correct... 

The maintenanee praetiee of one large refinery is to replaee gas turbine eontrol systems with state-of-the-art eleetronies and plug-in eoneepts for ease of maintenanee. These installations have been highly sueeessful in that maintenanee has been minimal, and ean usually be aeeomplished on-stream. Another replaees all journal bearings with tilting pad bearings. 

The encapsulation of electrical components provides an interesting extension to the use of plastics materials as insulators. Components of electronic systems may be embedded in a single cast block of resin (the process of encapsulation). Such integrated systems are less sensitive to handling and humidity and in the event of failure the whole assembly may be replaced using seldom more than a simple plugging-in operation. Encapsulation of miniaturised components has proved invaluable, particularly in spacecraft. 

Close eylinder valve before shutting off regulator, to permit gas to bleed from regulator. When used e.g. for welding, avoid the eareless use of flame whieh eould fuse the metal safety plug in the eylinder. 

Cylinders should be stored upright with the valves closed with any protective cover, cap or plug in place. Cartridges without valves may be stored on their sides. 

Rupture discs on pressure relieve valves and plugs in open ended valves can reduce fugitive emissions. 

First, the project s anticipated benefit and cost are tabulated for each year of the project s lifetime. Then, these values are converted to present values by using the present-value equation, with the company s discount rate plugged in as the discount factor. Finally, the cumulative total of the benefits (at present value) and the cumulative total of the costs (at present... 

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