Platform technique

In this review, the potential uses of sonochemistry for the preparation of monometallic and bimetallic metal nanoparticles and metal-loaded semiconductor nanoparticles have been highlighted. While specific examples available in the literature were discussed, the sonochemical technique seems to offer a platform technique that could be used for synthesizing a variety of functional materials. Most of the studies to date deal with laboratory scale exploration , it would be ideal if the concepts are tested under large scale experimental conditions involving specific applications. The authors sincerely hope that the information provided in this review would prompt such experimental investigation in a new dimension. 

In this review chapter, the summary of recent work on a unique technique, called microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF), which affords for ultra fast and sensitive fluorescence-based detection of biological materials of interest, is presented. MAMEF is a new bioassay platform technique that couples the benefits of Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) with low power... 

In order to bring the sample rapidly into a hot environment, use is often made of the platform technique, as was first introduced in atomic absorption spectrometry by L vov [179]. Here the very rapid heating may enable the formation of double peaks to be avoided, which are a result of various subsequent thermochemical reactions, all of which have their own kinetics. Also the high temperature avoids the presence of any remaining molecular species, which are especially troublesome in the case of atomic absorption spectrometry. Thin platforms can be made of graphite, which have a very low heat capacity, or from refractory metals. In the latter case wire loops, on which a drop can easily be previously dried, are often used. 

Chakrabarti, C.L, Wan, C.C. and Li, W.C. (1980). Direct determination of traces of Cu. Zn, Pb, Co, Fe and Cd in Bovine Liver by graphite furnace AAS using solid sampling and the platform technique. Spectrochim. Acta 35B, 93-105 Chatman, T.and Wilson, D.J. (1975). Lead levels in human deciduous teeth in Tennessee, Environ. Lett. 8(2), 173-183... 

The introduction of pyrolytically coated graphite tubes and the L vov platform technique in GF-AAS as well as of the Zeeman-GF-AAS technique offer improved possibilities to reduce matrix effects when measuring tooth lead in aqueous solutions. Where these techniques are available calibration with lead-spiked tooth solutions can be applied. Otherwise the analyses must be carried out by means of internal standard addition. The accuracy of the analytical procedure should be assessed by interlaboratory comparison, since, at present, no reference material of human teeth is available. 

Amino acids have proven to be useful excipients in co-amorphous dmg delivery systems and may form the basis of a new potential platform technique to overcome challenges in the stabilization of the amorphous form of poorly soluble drugs. Though tryptophan has a potential as an overall good stabilizer of co-amorphous systems, it did not show specific molecular interactions with the model drug indomethacin in the co-amorphous blends. Receptor amino acids may be a useful starting point when... 

The influences of concomitants on volatilization can be minimized by the use of platform techniques and of an isothermal furnace. Both measures are particularly helpful in direct solid sampling. 

If a shallow kick off in soft formation is required (e.g. to steer the borehole away underneath platforms) a technique using jet bit deflection or badgering is employed (Fig. 3.16). A rock bit is fitted with two small and one large jet. With the bit on bottom and oriented in the desired direction the string is kept stationary and mud is pumped through the nozzles. This causes asymmetric erosion of the borehole beneath the larger jet. Once sufficient hole has been jetted, the drill bit will be rotated again and the new course followed. This process will be repeated until the planned deviation is reached. 

In 1986 when the oil price crashed to 10 a barrel, operators began to look very hard at the requirements for offshore developments and novel slimline, reduced facilities platforms began to be considered. The reduced capital outlay and early production start up capability, coupled with the added flexibility, ensured that all companies now consider subsea systems as an important field development technique. Although the interest and investment in subsea systems increased dramatically, subsea systems still had to compete with the new generation of platforms, which were becoming lighter and cheaper. 

Sichere Chemie in Mikroreaktoren, Frankjurter Allgemeine Zeitung, December 1995 Plant cells as model for micro-reactor development micro-fabrication techniques DuPont s investigations DECHEMA s initiation of micro-reactor platform BASF s investigations general advantages of micro flow [238]. 

---