Double peak

Far from the transition, one or other of these will apply. Close to the phase transition we will see contributions from both Gaiissians, and a double-peaked distribution. The weight of each Gaussian changes as the temperature is varied. Thus, a smooth... 

The previous discussions translate directly over into pressure-volume variables, if we compare the constant-NVT and constant-A PJ ensembles. Double-peaked distributions of volumes are seen near a transition at constant pressure. 

Critical points were obtained by inspection of histograms Pl N — Nb) of the number difference on different length scales L and analysis by the fourth-order cumulant (see Sec. IV A) obtained by subdivision of the simulation boxes of sizes and V2 (Ei + F2 = F) into smaller subsystems of size Lx L. For A < Ac the distributions are all singly peaked, for larger A a single-peak structure of Pl a b) results for large L and a double-peak structure for small L. An analysis of these histograms with the cumulants Ui = - ((V - - Nb) ) allows a determination of critical... 

For conventional Ising-spin systems, Pising(o ) takes on the expected simple forms namely, either Puingiq) = < (0) in the (high-temperature, zero magnetization) paramagnetic phase or the double-peaked Pising(o ) = 5(q + M ) + 6 q — M ) for temperatures below the Curie critical temperature, T < Tc. 

It is seen that the profile of the combined peaks is perfectly symmetrical and displays no hint that there are two solutes present. Obviously an absorption ratio curve from a diode array detector would quickly disclose the presence of the two components, as would an appropriate changes in mobile phase composition. However, there would be a further clue for the analyst to follow that would give warning of the "duplicity" of the peak. The double peak would be very broad and be inconsistent with the change in peak width of the other solute peaks with retention time. The peak width of a solute increases regularly with retention time but, unfortunately, the relationship is not smooth. There are good reasons for this, but they... 

Sodium has 1 valence electron, and 10 bound electrons. The first two excited states are the 3 Pi/2 and the 3 P3/2 states. Transitions to these levels give rise to the Di and D2 transitions respectively. There are two h)q)erfine levels in the 3 ground state, and four h)q)erfine levels in the 3 Pa/2 excited state (Fig. 3). There is no significant energy difference between the h)q)erfine levels in the 3 Pa/2 state. Thus, the six permitted fines appear in two groups, producing a double peaked spectral distribution, with the peaks separated by 1.772 GHz. 

Figures 3a-f show the emission and excitation spectra for all six humic fractions. The excitation and emission maxima are listed in Table III along with the maxima of the phase-resolved emission spectra. In each case the emission spectrum was scanned with the excitation maximum wavelength held constant, and the excitation spectrum was scanned with the emission maximum wavelength held constant. Several interesting features are noted. The two humic samples ( Figures 3a,b) each have two excitation maxima and it appears that a double peak has been merged into the emission scan as evidenced by the shoulder on the high energy side of the emission peak. Similarly it seems evident that the exaggerated shoulders in the emission spectra of all the fractions point to the inclusion of two emission peaks in each spectrum. This evidence suggests the presence of two chromophores in each humic fraction.

Xexc = 436 nm and X > 560 nm (cut off filter FI 56 (D)). Under the conditions used for scans B and C some substances appear as double peaks on account of fluorescence quenching at the center of the chromatogram zones as a consequence of the substance concentration being too high. 

In our Phase Diagram, the compound, AB, melts incongraently, that is - it decomposes at its melting point. Therefore, at (6). a double peak is seen representing the decomposition of AB and the melting of A. However, B melts at... 

OH/oxide species. At potentials anodic of 1 V, incomplete oxidation of formaldehyde to formic acid is activated, while methanol oxidation is almost completely hindered. This reflects an easier oxidation of the C-H group in the aldehyde than in the alcohol. For the negative-going scan, where the COa[Pg.453]

The arrow indicates the inner wall velocity. The double peaks indicate a bimodal behavior associated with velocity fluctuations (adapted from reference [23]). 

The outer most levels in C60 are due to rc orbitals . These are formed by 2p electrons which have their orbitals oriented along the radius of the molecule. The different environment inside and outside the spherical molecule causes the double-peaked structure in the momentum densities. In graphite the n band is formed by 2p orbitals oriented perpendicular to the sheets of carbon atoms. Using single-crystal graphite films we have a unique opportunity to study the effects of the orientation of these 2p orbitals in detail. 

Fig. 10. The partial cross-section summed over all final states in A2 for F + H2(0,0) —> H + HF for several values of the total angular momentum J. The partial cross-section shows a double peak structure which J-shift to higher energy with J, and eventually merge at about J = 10.

In order to check the survival of methanol adsorbate to the transfer conditions, the following experiment was performed. After adsorption of methanol and solution exchange with base electrolyte, the Pt electrode was transferred to the UHV chamber over a period of ca. 10 min, then back to the cell where it was reimmersed into the pure supporting electrolyte. A voltammogram was run and compared with that of an usual flow cell experiment. The results, (see Fig. 2.5a,b), show that the transfer procedure is valid. The areas under the oxidation curve are the same. As in the case of adsorbed CO on Pt (see Fig. 1.4), the change in the double peak structure indicates that some surface re-distribution may occur. 

RL Oberle, GL Amidon. The influence of variable gastric emptying and intestinal transit rates on the plasma level curve of cimetidine An explanation for the double peak phenomenon. J Pharmacok Biopharm 15 529-544, 1987. 

Rh surface, whereas the hydrogen atoms point downward to the on-top sites. We call this configuration c(2 x 2)B. The constant height current maps are shown in Figure 4.5b and c. It can been seen that it is not possible to image the H20 + OH unit as a double peak. 

Suttee, A. B., Poliack, G. M., Brouwer, K. L., Use of a pharmacokinetic model incorporating discontinuous gastrointestinal absorption to examine the occurrence of double peaks in oral concentration-time... 

Sometimes a double peak, with equivalent halves. 

Nevertheless, the avena coleoptile exhibits a curvature to unilateral UV-illumina-tion with a satisfactory log-linear response/time relationship38) (the bending mode is similar to that observed for the second positive curvature which develops from the coleoptile base cf. 2.2). Fig. 5 338) shows that the double-peaked action spectrum does not match neither flavin (Fig. 5 5,16S)) nor carotenoid absorption (Fig. 5 4,183)), most likely excluding both as photoreceptors. The growth hormone auxin (cf. 2.4 and Scheme 1) has been discussed to be a possible photoreceptor. However, in this case, this is not supported by the action spectrum either. 

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