Plasticizers common types

Bronze powders are available for use in plastics in various compositions and particle sizes. Copper is seldom used alone all bronzes contain zinc. The names and zinc content of the common types are pale gold, 8% rich pale gold, 15% and rich gold, 30%. The shades become less red as zinc is increased. The finer particle size grades are generally preferred. 

Some of the common types of plastics that ate used ate thermoplastics, such as poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) (see Polymers containing sulfur), nylons, Hquid crystal polymer (LCP), the polyesters (qv) such as polyesters that ate 30% glass-fiber reinforced, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyetherimide (PEI) and thermosets such as diaHyl phthalate and phenoHc resins (qv). Because of the wide variety of manufacturing processes and usage requirements, these materials ate available in several variations which have a range of physical properties. 

Containers Containers for hquids consist principally of drums, pads, and cans made of steel or plastic and of bottles and vials made of plastic or glass. The chemical industiy is often involved with all these containers, but the most frequently used packages for industrial chemicals are steel drums ana pails. For exotic products, stainless-steel drums and pails are available. The most common types used are 208-L (55-gal) drums and 19-L (5-gal) pails. 

The simplest dynamic system to analyse is one in which the stress and strain are changing in a sinusoidal fashion. Fortunately this is probably the most common type of loading which occurs in practice and it is also the basic deformation mode used in dynamic mechanical testing of plastics. 

The most common types of plasticizer are the phthalic acid esters of Cg, Cio alcohols citric acid esters and epoxy aliphatic esters. 

The types of wear and failure that occur in metallic gears are distinctive and have been subjected to close analysis over many years. The more common types of failure are abrasion, scuffing, pitting, corrosion, plastic yielding and... 

Structurally, plastomers straddle the property range between elastomers and plastics. Plastomers inherently contain some level of crystallinity due to the predominant monomer in a crystalline sequence within the polymer chains. The most common type of this residual crystallinity is ethylene (for ethylene-predominant plastomers or E-plastomers) or isotactic propylene in meso (or m) sequences (for propylene-predominant plastomers or P-plastomers). Uninterrupted sequences of these monomers crystallize into periodic strucmres, which form crystalline lamellae. Plastomers contain in addition at least one monomer, which interrupts this sequencing of crystalline mers. This may be a monomer too large to fit into the crystal lattice. An example is the incorporation of 1-octene into a polyethylene chain. The residual hexyl side chain provides a site for the dislocation of the periodic structure required for crystals to be formed. Another example would be the incorporation of a stereo error in the insertion of propylene. Thus, a propylene insertion with an r dyad leads similarly to a dislocation in the periodic structure required for the formation of an iPP crystal. In uniformly back-mixed polymerization processes, with a single discrete polymerization catalyst, the incorporation of these intermptions is statistical and controlled by the kinetics of the polymerization process. These statistics are known as reactivity ratios. 

Acid-Resistant Materials. As acid plants are usually attached to plants manufg expls, it is important to have some knowledge of acid-resistant materials, such as metals, bricks, plastics, gaskets, paints, cements and putties, etc.Basic info on this subject may be found in the refs listed below. A common type of acid-proof putty is one consisting of powd red iron oxide and asbestos fiber in a petroleum grease. During WW II, this type of putty was used at many US Ord Plants, including Wabash Ordnance Works... 

There are two common types of standard press loaded expl compns used in US ammo. One contains waxy binder/desensitizing materials, while the other contains synthetic polymeric materials. Description of plastic bonded expls (PBX) can be found in Vol 8, P60-P77 and are not covered here... 

There are three common types of organic scintillator. The first type is a pure crystalline material, such as anthracene. The second type, the liquid scintillator, is the solution of an organic scintillator in an organic liquid, such as a solution of p-terphenyl in toluene ( 3 g solute/L solution). The third type is the solution of an organic scintillator, such as p-terphenyl, in a solid plastic, such as polystyrene. 

Amine-resin thermosetting materials (plastics) are manufactured in all industrially developed countries. Aminoplasts are still one of the most common types of polymeric materials although production of novel plastics is rapidly growing. 

TABLE XXI Common types of plastic that can be printed... 

In this study, Raman spectroscopy and pattern-recognition techniques were used to develop a potential method to differentiate common household plastics by type [87-89], which is crucial to ensure the economic viability of recycling. The test data consisted of 188 Raman spectra of six common household plastics high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinylchloride... 

Fluorocarbons. There are eight types of common fluorocarbons. They differ primarily by the concentration and arrangement of fluorine atoms along their molecular chain. Chemical types, suppliers, and trade names are given in Table 16.10. Like other plastics, each type of fluorocarbon is available in several different grades. They differ principally in the way they are processed and formed, and their properties vary over the useful temperature range. 

Pad applications are also used. The most common type of pad consists of a sheet of nylon pile fabric attached to a foam pad that is attached to a flat plastic plate with a handle. Pads hold more paint than a similar width brush and can apply paint up to twice as fast as a brush. 

---