Plasticizer-range alcohols compositions

The sales brochures of the manufacturers describe the plasticizer range alcohols available on the merchant market (18). Typical properties of several commercial plasticizer range alcohols are presented in Table 8. Because in most cases these ate mixtures of isomers or alcohols with several carbon chains, the properties of a particular material can vary somewhat from manufacturer to manufacturer. Both odd and even carbon chain alcohols are available, in both linear and highly branched versions. Examples of the composition of several mixtures are given in Table 9. 

Table 9. Composition of Commercial Plasticizer Range Alcohols...

In polymer applications derivatives of oils and fats, such as epoxides, polyols and dimerizations products based on unsaturated fatty acids, are used as plastic additives or components for composites or polymers like polyamides and polyurethanes. In the lubricant sector oleochemically-based fatty acid esters have proved to be powerful alternatives to conventional mineral oil products. For home and personal care applications a wide range of products, such as surfactants, emulsifiers, emollients and waxes, based on vegetable oil derivatives has provided extraordinary performance benefits to the end-customer. Selected products, such as the anionic surfactant fatty alcohol sulfate have been investigated thoroughly with regard to their environmental impact compared with petrochemical based products by life-cycle analysis. Other product examples include carbohydrate-based surfactants as well as oleochemical based emulsifiers, waxes and emollients. 

The four main components of wood resin from most species are the resin acids, free fatty acids, combined fatty acids (esters), and unsaponifiable sterols, alcohols, terpenes, and waxes. (The resins from tropical hardwoods (e.g., Shorea spp.) can be mainly terpenoid and steroid compounds (e.g., 88, 89, 156, 157, 184, 187) and the cause of color reversion and resin spots (156, 157) (see Sect. 9.3.7.2).) As mentioned, the composition of canal and parenchyma resins differ, and in living Picea and Pinus spp. woods, levopimaric acid predominates in the canal resin over abietic, neoabietic, and palustric acids. The resin acids are the most brittle or hardest, whereas the others range between the fluid and solid state. Consequently, variations in composition will affect the plasticity or stickiness of the resultant pitch (30). Deposits at different points in a paper mill processing ther-... 

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