Plasticized PVC, plastics

Uses Filler for coatings (primers, interior/exterior architectural, powd.), thermoset plastics, PVC plastics and plastisols, polyolefin films, polyester gelcoats, adhesives and sealants, and inks Features High brightness contributes blue undertones Properties Wh. fine powd., odorless 100% thru 325 mesh 2.3 p median particle size fineness (Hegman) 6-r sp.gr. 2.61 dens. 21.7 Ib/gal surf, area 1.7 mVg oil absorp. 33 brightness 90.4 m.p. 1722 C ref. index 1.53 pH 10.1 hardness (Mohs) 6... 

PVC/PU blends were compoimded from rigid and plasticized PVC (plasticized PVC contained 36 phr DOP). Figure 12.7 shows that elongation behavior of two blends is dramatically different. It is suspected that the plasticizer helps in the compatibilization of blend components. The blend with plasticized PVC appears to be uniform on the macroscopic scale. Addition of DOP to ABS/PVC blend improved impact strength and elongation but hardness, tensile strength, and Young modulus were reduced."... 

The aromatic extracts have been used in the paint industry to partially replace linseed oil. They are still used for producing printer s ink. In addition, they are finding a variety of applications as plasticizers in the rubber industry or for the manufacture of plastics such as PVC. 

Specimens used in tests were sections of cables with PVC outer coating. PVC was plasticized with DOF softener. The materials considered were exposed to the radiation and thermal aging. The samples have been irradiated at room temperature by hard gamma rays with 10 rad/sec dose power. A number of samples had been heated for long different times at 90°C. Besides a special specimens were cut out from outer coating for test on tensile machine like "Instron". The total doses of irradiation, times of heating and elongations at break obtained with "Instron" are listed in Table 1. 

A fume hood is constructed in the manner shown in figure 6. Strike drew the frame as being made of lumber but it can be made of rebar or, preferably, from PVC pipes and joints so that it can be assembled and disassembled with ease. The frame is enclosed with plastic drop cloths or any semiclear plastic sheeting. The front face of the hood is halfway covered with plastic while the bottom half is exposed to allow one to move objects in or out and to manipulate things. On top of the chamber is attached some clothes dryer duct or some such crap which is led to a leaf blower or blower motor. The exhaust from the blower is led away to the outside. 

When blended with phthalate ester plasticizers, PVC becomes soft and pliable. 

PVC polymer plus special plasticizers are used to produce flexible tubing which has good chemical resistance. 

PVC use [VINYL POLYTffiRS - VINYL CbHORIDE POLYTffiRS] (Vol 24) -vinyl fabric laminates pOAMED PLASTICS] (Vol 11)... 

PVC copolymers PVC foams P V C formulation PVC plasticizers PVC plastisols PVC resins... 

The thermal degradation of mixtures of the common automotive plastics polypropylene, ABS, PVC, and polyurethane can produce low molecular weight chemicals (57). Composition of the blend affected reaction rates. Sequential thermolysis and gasification of commingled plastics found in other waste streams to produce a syngas containing primarily carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been reported (58). 

Almost all of the OX that is recovered is used to produce phthaUc anhydride. PhthaUc anhydride is a basic building block for plasticizers used in flexible PVC resins, for polyester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics, and for alkyd resins used for surface coatings. OX is also used to manufacture phthalonitrile, which is converted to copper phthalocyanine, a pigment. 

Plasticizers. About 2.5% of U.S. adipic acid consumed in 1988 was used in two basic types of adipic ester based plasticizers (195). Simple adipate esters prepared from Cg—alcohols are used especially as PVC plasticizers (qv). Eor special appHcations requiring low volatility or extraction resistance, polyester derivatives of diols or polyols are preferred. 

Other Plastics Uses. The plasticizer range alcohols have a number of other uses in plastics hexanol and 2-ethylhexanol are used as part of the catalyst system in the polymerization of acrylates, ethylene, and propylene (55) the peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexanol is utilized as a polymerization initiator for vinyl chloride various trialkyl phosphites find usage as heat and light stabHizers for plastics organotin derivatives are used as heat stabHizers for PVC octanol improves the compatibHity of calcium carbonate filler in various plastics 2-ethylhexanol is used to make expanded polystyrene beads (56) and acrylate esters serve as pressure sensitive adhesives. 

Dry chlorine has a great affinity for absorbing moisture, and wet chlorine is extremely corrosive, attacking most common materials except HasteUoy C, titanium, and tantalum. These metals are protected from attack by the acids formed by chlorine hydrolysis because of surface oxide films on the metal. Tantalum is the preferred constmction material for service with wet and dry chlorine. Wet chlorine gas is handled under pressure using fiberglass-reinforced plastics. Rubber-lined steel is suitable for wet chlorine gas handling up to 100°C. At low pressures and low temperatures PVC, chlorinated PVC, and reinforced polyester resins are also used. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(vinyhdene fluoride) (PVDE), and... 

Poly(vinyl chloride). PVC is a hard, brittle polymer that is self-extinguishing. In order to make PVC useful and more pHable, plasticizers (qv) are added. More often than not the plasticizers are flammable and make the formulation less flame resistant. Flammability increases as the plasticizer is increased and the relative amount of chlorine decreased, as shown in Table 7. The flame resistance of the poly(vinyl chloride) can be increased by the addition of an inorganic flame-retardant synergist. 

Molybdenum Oxide. Molybdenum compounds incorporated into flexible PVC not only increase flame resistance, but also decrease smoke evolution. In Table 10 the effect of molybdenum oxide on the oxygen index of a flexible PVC containing 50 parts of a plasticizer is compared with antimony oxide. Antimony oxide is the superior synergist for flame retardancy but has Httle or no effect on smoke evolution. However, combinations of molybdenum oxide and antimony oxide may be used to reduce the total inorganic flame-retardant additive package, and obtain improved flame resistance and reduced smoke. 

Cblorina.ted Pa.ra.ffins, The term chlotinated paraffins covers a variety of compositions. The prime variables are molecular weight of the starting paraffin and the chlorine content of the final product. Typical products contain from 12—24 carbons and from 40—70 wt % chlorine. Liquid chlotinated paraffins are used as plasticizers (qv) and flame retardants ia paint (qv) and PVC formulations. The soHd materials are used as additive flame retardants ia a variety of thermoplastics. In this use, they are combiaed with antimony oxide which acts as a synergist. Thermal stabilizers, such as those used ia PVC (see vinyl polymers), must be used to overcome the inherent thermal iastabiUty. 

In the case of poly(vinyl chloride) plastics, the FWA is mixed dry with the PVC powder before processing or dissolved in the plasticising agent (see Vinyl polymers). Polystyrene, acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene (ABS), and polyolefin granulates are powdered with FWA prior to extmsion (2,78) (see... 

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