Plastic classification phthalate

Examples of some of the more common plasticizers and their classifications are listed in Table 24.2. Often a plasticizer can be placed in multiple classifications. For example, linear phthalates are recognized for both their low temperature performance and low volatility. In addition some specialty plasticizers could also fit in the fast fast-fusing plasticizers classification. 

Plasticizers can also be classified according to chemical type. Table 24.3 provides an approximate distribution of global plasticizer consumption by chemical classifications. Phthalate esters continue to represent the major class of PVC plasticizers as they have done for almost 70 years however, their market share is declining. In the United States, with a long history of the usage of a variety of different plasticizers, the phthalate usage would be lower and may represent less than 70% of the market. With fewer plasticizer choices available in Asia, phthalate plasticizers make up about 80% of that market. 

Phthalates can be divided into low and high molecular weight plasticizers. Low molecular weight phthalates have a backbone of three to six carbon atoms. Examples are DEHP, DBP, DIBP, and BBP. Risk assessments led to the classification and labeling of these substances as Reproductive agents (Cat. IB) and they were put on the Authorisation List (annex XIV, REACH). The sunset date was Eebruary 21, 2015. After this date these plasticizers can no longer be used unless an exemption is granted. 

Butyl-o-t-cyclohexyl acetate. See 2-t-Butylcyclohexyl acetate Butyl cyclohexyl phthalate CAS 84-64-0 EINECS/ELINCS 201-548-5 Synonyms 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl cyclohexyl ester Classification Ester Empirical C18H24O4 Formula C4H9OOCC6H4COOC6H11 Properties Clear liq., very mild odor misc. with mostorg. soivs. m.w. 304.39 dens. 1.078 Precaution Combustible Uses Plasticizer for polymers, elastomers,... 

Synonyms 1-Decanol, 2-octyl Octyidecanol (INCI) 2-Octyl decanol Octyidecyl alcohol Classification Aliphatic alcohol Empirical CisHsaO Precaution Combustible Uses Intermediate for plasticizers raw material in the mfg. of aikyi phthalates, phosphoro diethionates, aikyi methacrylate monomers defoamer in drilling muds and fermentation broths emollient in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals cosmetic raw material Manuf./Distrib. Sea-Land... 

While the plasticizers sector (which is almost totally bound up with PVC) has been dominated in recent years by controversy over the use of phthalates, there has been significant development in systems based on other materials, such as polymeric plasticizers. Lubricants and processing aids also come into this classification, where the trend is towards adaptation to other plastics compounds, both standard and engineering plastics, and new systems that reduce or overcome migration, for use especially in food contact and medical/ healthcare applications. 

This method of classification is useful for pure polymer samples without significant modification or in the absence of additives. In the presence of a polymer modification or blended additives, a misinterpretation may result because of interference from other components. Usually the amounts of additives used in a formulated product are relatively low, and their presence is seldom a major interference. An exception is experienced with certain plasticizers, in which the concentration is often high. A common example is plasticized poly(vinyl chloride), which is a mixture of poly(vinyl chloride), a stabilizer, and a plasticizer such as dioctyl phthalate (often diisooctyl isomer). In this example, features associated with the plasticizer dominate the infrared spectrum. Certain additives, such as fillers (calcium carbonate, for example) may also be misleading, and can confuse the spectral interpretation. For example, products fabricated from poly(vinyl chloride) are used for construction and piping, and these are typically formed from a blend of poly(vinyl chloride) and calcium carbonate. The two examples provided are the common cases where the additives dominate the infrared spectra, and these are sufficiently popular combinations that the spectra are easily recognized. 

GP plasticizers are those plasticizers offering the best b ance of performance, useful in a variety of applications, and generally available at the lowest price. These plasticizers are normally the first plasticizers to be considered in developing a new formulation. Although the GP classification represents about 80% of the volume of all plasticizers used today, it usually includes four phthalate plasticizers DEHP, DINP, diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), di-2-propyl heptyl phthalate (DPHP), and now two alternative plasticizers, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DOTP or DEHTP) and diisononyl cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid ester (DC9CH). 

The class of specialty plasticizers includes a variety of different products, which share two things in common they are used in relatively few applications and are usually available at often significant price premiums over GP plasticizers. Consequently they are used in those applications where the added performance benefits are required and the ultimate customer is willing to pay extra for that added performance. Examples of plasticizers in this classification would include polymeric plasticizers, epoxides, phosphate esters, citrates, brominated phthalate esters, polyol ester plasticizers, and a variety of natural product based plasticizers. 

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