Differential staining

Iiolieren, v.i. isolate (Elec.) insulate. — iso-lierte F bung, (Micros.) differential staining. 

Takami S Graziadei P. and Ichikawa M. (1992). The differential staining patterns of two lectins in the accessory olfactory bulb of the rat. Brain Res 598, 337-342. 

Tlie morphology of some bacteria, especially those that form spores, is distinctive enough under the light microscope to have value for identification. This means that differential staining techniques, such as the Gram stain or acid-fast stain, and fluorescence microscopy may help to determine the iden-... 

The study first attempted to elucidate whether the membranes of the Golgi cisternae of tobacco cells could be differentially stained by the ZIO method, and whether they were more clearly visible than the sec-... 

Fig. 2. A section of a fresh protoplast stained for 16 h by the ZIO method. A line profile shows that membranes of the Golgi cistemae (G) andERare differentially stained. (From ref. 40.)...

Yamaguchi M, Kondo I. Immunoelectron microscopy of Proteus vulgaris by the plasma polymerization metal-extraction replica method differential staining of flagellar (H) and somatic (0) antigens by colloidal golds. J Electron Microsc 1989 38 382-388. 

The quality of differential staining will determine the ease and accuracy of SCE scoring, and, to eliminate variation, results from different observers should occasionally be compared. Furthermore, to avoid observer bias, scorers should have slides from different treatment groups equally distributed among them, as with all cytogenetic studies. 

Morimoto, K., Sato, M. and Koizumi, A. (1983). Proliferative kinetics of human lymphocytes in culture measure by autoradiography and sister chromatid differential staining. Epithel. Cell Res., 145 249-356. 

Perry, P.E. and Wolff, S. (1974). New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids. Nature 251 156-158. 

Wolff, S. and Perry, R (1974). Differential staining of sister chromatids and the study of sister chromatid exchange with out autoradiography. Chromosomes 48 341-353. 

Kuboki Y, Liu CF and Fusuyama T (1983) Mechanism of differential staining in carious dentin. J Dent Res 62, 713-714. 

Sister chromatid exchange is a technique which reveals exchonges between chromatids by differential staining. 

Inouye M (1976) Differential staining of cartilage and bone in fetal mouse skeleton by alcian blue and alizarin red S. Cong Anom 16 171-173... 

Figure 27-11 (A) Human chromosomes after one replication in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Both chromatids of each chromosome contain BrdU in one strand of the DNA duplex and normal thymidine in the other. (B) After two replications in the presence of BrdU one chromatid of each chromosome contains BrdU in both strands of the duplex and stains strongly with a special differential staining procedure. The other chromatid contains only normal thymidine in one strand of the duplex and is not stained. Courtesy of Carolina Biologicals.

Turchini and Gosselin de Beaumont" reported the use of 9-phenyl-(or 9-methyl-) 2,6,7-trihydroxy-3-fluorone for the differential staining of ribo- and desoxyribo-nucleic acids. The former gives rise to a yellow-pink color and the latter to a bluish-violet tint. It is necessary to hydrolyze the nucleic acid since it is the pentoses thereby liberated which yield the color, indicating that the reagent differentiates between ribose and its 2-desoxy analogue. 

Differential staining technique Staining procedures that elicit differences between bacterial cells. 

Conventional bright-field TEM observations of polyolefins often require contrast enhancement, usually by staining with Ru04 or other suitable markers [17]. These accumulate in the amorphous phase, at lamellar surfaces and in cavities, and differential staining can reveal the phase distribution in blends. Staining also hardens the specimens, facilitating preparation of thin sections at room temperature (cryo-sectioning is required for unfixed polyolefins). 

There are color reactions for general classes of carbohydrates (Dische, 1962), e.g., those in Table I summarize a few general-purpose tests for routine differential staining of plant-tissue isolates. 

It has already been pointed out that it is not only PolyPs but other anionic polymers, such as [X)I y-ft -hy< I rox ybutyrate, which may form metachromatic granules in the cells of prokaryotes. However, recently a number of methods for differential staining of PolyPs and polyhydroxyalkanoate-containing granules in cells have been developed (see the review of Serafim et al, 2002). 

One of the best understood mineralization systems in terms of the microenvironment of nucleation is the mollusk shell, and in particular one of the seven structural types of mollusk shell, the nacre [99], The nacre has a simple geometry and is therefore a most convenient system to study in terms of nucleation. Observations of growing aragonitic tablet-shaped crystals show that the matrix surface at the location where the first crystals form is different from the remaining surfaces. This location can be differentially stained using dyes that have affinities for calcium and sulfate, for example [100], The surface topography is... 

Figure 25.2. Sister chromatid exchange formation. For differential staining of the sister chromatids, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is incorporated into repheating DNA in place of thymidine (TdR). The solid line represents the original TdR-containing DNA strand and the dotted line represents the DNA strand containing BrdU. An SCE is shown to occur at the first S phase (S ) but will be observed at the second mitosis (Ml, l> ).

M. R. Green, J. V. Pastewka, and A. C. Peacock, Anal. Biochem., 56 43-51 (1973). Differential Staining of Phosphoproteins on Polyacrylamide Gels with a Cationic Carbocyanine Dye. 

Scragg M Ferreira L (1991) Evaluation of differential staining procedures for quantification of fibroblasts cultured in 96-well plates. Analytical Biochemistry 198 80-85. 

Marshall, J.S., Ford, G.P. and Bell, E.B. (1987). Formalin sensitivity and differential staining of mast cells in human dermis. Br. J. Dermatol. 117, 29-36. 

Avlasevich SL, Bryce SM, Cairns SE, et al. In vitro micronucleus scoring by flow cytometry Differential staining of micronuclei versus apoptotic and necrotic chromatin enhances assay reliability. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2006 47(l) 56-66. 

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