Methods of surface analysis

Volume 57A Spectroscopic Analysis of Heterogeneous Catalysts. Part A Methods of Surface Analysis edited by J.L.G. Fierro... 

M. P. Seah. In Methods of Surface Analysis. (J. M. Walls, Ed.) Cambridge University Press, 1989. 

Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS) is one of the most powerful and practical methods of surface analysis available. However, it is undemtilized due to a lack of understanding about its application and capabilities. This stems from its history, the limited number of high-performance instmments manufactured, and the small number of experienced surface scientists who have actually used ISS in extensive applications. Ironically, it is one of the easiest and most convenient sur ce analytical instruments to use and it provides usehil information for almost any type of solid material. 

Walls, J.M., Methods of Surface Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989. Wightman, J.P. In Akovali, G. (Ed.), The Intcrfacia Interactions in Polymeric Conti>os-ites. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1993, p. 125. 

A very simple, though indirect, method of surface analysis is the measurement of the angle of contact that a liquid makes with the solid surface being analyzed. This method has been widely used to study changes introduced in a polymer surface by various treatments. 

Sykes DE (1989) Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry. In Wells JM (ed) Methods of surface analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge... 

Further structural information is available from physical methods of surface analysis such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron or Auger electron spectroscopy (XPS), or secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and transmission or reflectance IR and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The application of both electroanalytical and surface spectroscopic methods has been thoroughly reviewed and appropriate methods are given in most of the references of this chapter. 

D. Lichtman, Methods of Surface Analysis, A. Zandera (ed.), Mir Publ., Moscow, 1979... 

Biocompatibility. The analysis of polymer implants has been employed using FTIR spectroscopy to elucidate the long-term biocompatibility and quality control of biomedical materials. This method of surface analysis allows the determination of the specific molecular composition and structures most appropriate for long-term compatibility in humans. 

Table 5.4 Basic methods of surface analysis (e = electron, I = ion, hv = photon, other abbreviations are explained in the... 

The impact of an ion beam on the electrode surface can result in the transfer of the kinetic energy of the ions to the surface atoms and their release into the vacuum as a wide range of species—atoms, molecules, ions, atomic aggregates (clusters), and molecular fragments. This is the effect of ion sputtering. The SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry) method deals with the mass spectrometry of sputtered ions. The SIMS method has high analytical sensitivity and, in contrast to other methods of surface analysis, permits a study of isotopes. In materials science, the SIMS method is the third most often used method of surface analysis (after AES and XPS) it has so far been used only rarely in electrochemistry. 

All methods of surface analysis are based on primary particle irradiation of analyzed samples, causing primary flux disturbance or emission of secondary particles from the surface. Table 2 presents a classification of the most popular methods of analysis based on... 

Prior to the publication in 1980 of Clavilier s historic paper (1) reporting anomalous voltammetry of Pt(lll), there had been a number of studies of the voltammetry of single crystal Pt electrodes, with some using modern methods of surface analysis (e.g., LEED or RHEED) for characterization of the structure of the crystal prior to immersion in electrolyte (2-6). and all were in qualitative agreement with the seminal work (in 1965) on Pt single crystals by Will (7.). 

A. W. Czanderna, Ed., Methods of Surface Analysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam,... 

The future work on the poisoning of automotive catalysts will have to deal, primarily, with the specific interaction of particular poisons with the active components. The present trend toward more complex catalytic systems, containing several active components, will make the task still more difficult. One could foresee the use of modem, more sophisticated methods of surface analysis for studying the interactions between poison and active components. 

Riggs, W.M. Parker, M.J. in "Methods of Surface Analysis", A.W. Czauderna, ed. Elsevier Scientific Publishing ... 

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