Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

The liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) technique was proposed for the determination of corticosteroids in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, liquor) of children with leucosis. Preliminai y sample prepai ation included the sedimentation of proteins, spinning and solid-phase extraction. MS detection was performed by scanning selected ions, with three chai acteristic ions for every corticosteroids. The limit of detection was found 80 pg/ml of plasma. 

The use of amino acid analysis to characterize protein hydrolyzates is well known, and IEC is an integral part of the commercial amino acid analyzer.61 Determinabon of individual amino acids in physiological fluids such as plasma and cerebrospinal fluid can be important in the etiology of various diseases.62 63 Of particular current interest is the measurement of total... 

Schmid, 1997). Very low levels have been detected in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid—a fact that indicates that anandamide is not hormonal in nature but rather is biosynthesized at or near its sites of action. 

Uotila JT, Kirkkola A-L, Rorarius M, Tuimala RJ and Metsa-Ketela T. 1994. The total peroxyl radicaltrapping ability of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in normal and preeclamptic parturients. Free Radic Biol Med 16(5) 581-590. 

BIO. Berlin, A., Agurell, S., Borga, O., Lund, L., and SjOqvist, F., Micromethod for the determination of diphenylhydantoin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid—a comparison between a gas chromatographic and a spectrophotometric method. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 29, 281-287 (1972). 

Patel M, McCully C, Godwin K. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of temozolomide. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995 14 461 (abstr 1485). 

Absorption from the intestinal tract is usually good. Food delays but does not reduce absorption. The drug is distributed in body fluids and has a half-Ufe of about 8 hours. High levels are found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Less than 20% binds to plasma proteins. Metronidazole is metabolized by oxidation and glucuronide formation in the liver and is primarily... 

Wode-Helgodt B, Borg S, Fyro B, et al. Clinical effects and drug concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in psychotic patients treated with fixed doses of chlorpromazine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1978 58 149-173. 

No special pre-analytical procedure needs to be carried out for the determination of GA and Cr in urine (random urine-samples are suitable), plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 

Typical Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations for Some Selected Solutes... 

GABA inhibits the action of the locus ceruleus and this is mediated by the GABAa receptor-chloride channel system. The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of GABA are low, and progabide, a GABAa receptor agonist, has antidepressant properties. 

Mehta PD, Pirttila T, Mehta SP, Sersen EA, Aisen PS, Wisniewski HM. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid beta proteins 1-40 and 1-42 in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2000 57(1) 100-105. 

Suzuki H, Ferrario CM, Speth RC, Brosnihan KB, Smeby RR, de Silva P. Alterations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine and angiotensin II during the development of renal hypertension in conscious dogs. Hypertension. 1983 5 I-139-1-148. 

In contrast, ProteinChip technology allows the detailed analysis of A(3 fragments and their modifications (22). Peptides are captured on arrays coated with anti-Ap Ab, washed to remove nonspecifically bound fragments, and finally detected by SELDI-TOF MS. The resolution of the technique allows the discrimination of peptides of similar mass and modified products, e.g., oxidized peptides versus native peptides, which differ by only 16 Da. ProteinChip technology has been used extensively to detect Af> fragments in various samples, including cell culture supernatants, serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (21-23). 

Bai F et al (2011) Determination of vandetanib in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 879 2561-2566... 

Khaliq Y, Gallicano K, Venance S, et al. Effect of ketoconazole on ritonavir and saquinavir concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Cbn Pharmacol Ther 2000 68 637-646. 

Nimodipine could be determined by GC in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid at concentrations as low as 1 ng/mL [19]. To avoid decomposition... 

Backstrom JR, Miller CA, Tokes ZA (1992) Characterization of neutral proteinases from Alzheimer-affected and control brain specimens identification of calcium-dependent metal-loproteinases from the hippocampus. J Neurochem 58 983-992 Basun H, Forssell LG, Wetterberg L, Winblad B (1991) Metals and trace elements in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in normal aging and Alzheimer s disease. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 3 231-258... 

In 1 case of fatal overdosage, a 22-month-old child died 55 hours after ingesting about 5 g of dapsone. The concentrations in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were 150 pg/ml and 33 pg/ml, respectively, 42 hours after ingestion. Postmortem concentrations were blood 135 ig/ml, brain 90 ig/g, liver 165 pg/g, and urine 400pg/ml (R. Davies, Lancet, 1950, 1, 905-906). 

Roth JS, McCully CM, Balis EM, Poplack DG, Kelley JA. 2 -Beta-fluoro-2, 3 -dideoxyadenosine, lodenosine, in rhesus monkeys Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics and urinary disposition. Drug Me tab Dispos 1999 27 1128-32. 

Klecker RW Jr, Collins JM, Yarchoan R, Thomas R, Jenkins JF, Broder S, Myers CE. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of 3 -azido-3C deoxythymide A novel pyrimidine analog with potential application for the treatment of patients with AIDS and related diseases. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987 41 407-12. 

Lanier ER, Stur ge G, McClernon D, Brown S, Halman M, Sacktor N, McArfiiur J, Atkinson JH, Clifford D, Price RW, Simpson D, Torres G, Catalan J, Mar der K, Power C, Hall C, Romero C, Brew B (2001) HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequence in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of padents with AIDS demenda complex d eated widi abacavir. AIDS 15 747—751. 

Rose, C., Michalak, A., Rama Rao, K.V., Quack, G., Kircheis, G., Butterworth, R.F. L-ornithine-L-aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology 1999 30 636—640... 

Sun YX, Minthon L, Wallmark A, Warkentin S, Blennow K, Janciauskiene S (2003) Inflammatory markers in matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 16 136-144. 

Neurosteroids are steroids that are synthesized de novo in the central nervous system (androsterone, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, allopregnanolone, isopregnanolone, and pregananole). After extraction of plasma and cerebrospinal fluids, using solid-phase extraction (SPE), and derivatization with carboxymethoxime, pentafluoro-benzyl, and trimethylsilyl, the derivatized samples were injected into a GC-MS system for quantitative evaluation with a selected ion monitoring (SIM) method. Details of the method have been described in Ref. [25]. 

Patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency present with clinical and biochemical manifestations that overlap those of the tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency states described previously. However, this deficiency state is characterized by additional decreases in CSF and urinary levels of 5-HIAA. Also, levels of L-dopa in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid are increased, and not decreased as in the other deficiency states. Levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan are similarly increased. 

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