Plants carbon isotopes

Leavitt, S.W. and Newberry T. 1992 Systematics of stable-carbon isotopic differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. Plant Physiology (Life Science Advances) 11 Til-161. 

O Leary, M.H. 1981 Carbon isotope fractionation in plants. Phytochemistry 20 553-567. 

Tieszen, L.L. 1991 Natural variations in the carbon isotope values of plants implications for... 

Komer, Ch., Farquhar, G.D. and Roksandic, Z. 1988 A global survey of carbon isotope discrimination in plants from high altitude. Oecologia 74 623-632. 

Morgan, M.E., Kingston, J.D. and Marino, B.D. 1994 Carbon isotopic evidence for the emergence of C, plants in the Neogenc from Pakistan and Kenya. Nature 367 162-165. 

Recently it has been recognised that the carbon isotope composition of small amounts of plant material may be used to assess differences inpi/pa and W (Farquhar et al., 1982). There are two stable isotopes of carbon, and C, which are in the molar ratio 1 89 in the atmosphere. During assimilation of atmospheric CO2 the plant fixes a smaller ratio... 

Fig. 5. Water-use efficiency (carbon basis) v. average carbon isotope discrimination in the whole plant, r= -0.88. Open symbols represent well-watered plants and closed symbols represent plants that were droughted. Tifton 8 A, Florunner A, VB187 and +, Chico are cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). (From Flubick etal., 1986).

Ehleringer, J.R., Field, C.B., Lin, Z.F. Kuo, C.Y. (1986). Leaf carbon isotope and mineral composition in subtropical plants along an irradiance dine. Oecologia, 70, 520-6. 

Evans, J.R., Sharkey, T.D., Berry, J.A. Farquhar, G.D. (1986). Carbon isotope discrimination measured concurrently with gas exchange to investigate CO2 diffusion in leaves of higher plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 13,281-92. 

Farquhar, G.D., Hubick, K.T., Condon, A.G. Richards, R.A. (1988). Carbon isotope fractionation and plant water-use efficiency. In Applications of Stable Isotope Ratios to Ecological Research, ed. P.W. Rundel, J.R. Ehleringer K.A. Nagy, pp.21 0. New York Springer-Verlag. 

Farquhar, G.D. Richards, R.A. (1984). Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with water-use efficiency of wheat genotypes. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 11, 539-52. 

Hubick, K.T. Farquhar, G.D. (1989). Genetic variation of transpiration efficiency among barley genotypes is negatively correlated with carbon isotope discrimination. Plant, Cell and Environment (in press). 

Hubick, K.T., Farquhar, G.D. Shorter,R. (1986). Correlation between water-use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in diverse peanut (Arachis) germplasm. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13, 803-16. 

Martin, B.J. Thorstenson, Y.R. (1988). Stable carbon isotope composition (6 C), water use efficiency and biomass productivity of Lycopersicon esculen-tum, Lycopersicon pennellii and the Fi hybrid. Plant Physiology 88, 218-23. 

Masle, J. Farquhar, G.D. (1988). Effects of soil strength on the relation of water use efficiency and growth to carbon isotope discrimination in wheat seedlings. Plant Physiology, 6,147-55. 

Neales, T.F., Fraser, M.S. Roksandic, Z. (1983). Carbon isotope composition of the halophyte Disphyma clavellatum (Haw.) Chinnock (Aizoaceae), as affected by salinity. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 10, 437-44. 

From the above, it can be seen that there is a need for a screening test that is a more specific indicator of drought tolerance than yield itself, that will measure the response of the plant integrated over a substantial part of its life cycle, is non-destructive and can be used for testing large numbers of plants. A test which appears to meet these criteria is carbon isotope... 

Farquhar, G.D., O Leary, M.H. Berry, J. A. (1982). On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 9, 121-37. 

White, J. W. (1992). Internal standard stable carbon isotope ratio method for determination of C-4 plant sugars in honey Collaborative trial study, and evaluation of improved protein preparation procedure. J. Assoc. Ojfic. Anal. Chem. 75,543-548. 

Recurrent is the lack of adequate techniques to assess carbon flows through the plants and microbes into soil organic matter (151). Most important is the development of techniques and protocols to separate rhizosphere from nonrhizosphere soil as well as possibly to facilitate analyses of soil carbon dynamics. The use of carbon isotopes, and, where possible, application of double labeling with C and C, seems inevitable in order to separate the contribution of different substrates to the formation of the soil organic matter pool and to get to an understanding of the ecological advantage of exudates and rhizodeposits. 

S. W. Leavitt, E. A. Paul, A. Galadima, F. S. Nakayama, S. R. Danzer, H. Johnson, and B. A. Kimball, Carbon isotopes and carbon turnover in cotton and wheat FACE experiments. Plant Soil 787 147 (1996). 

Copley, M. S., H. A. Bland, P. Rose, M. Horton, and R. P. Evershed (2005), Gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric and stable carbon isotopic investigations of organic residues of plant oils and animal fats employed as illuminants in archeological lamps from Egypt, Analyst 130, 860-871. 

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