Plant size limitations

Preliminary design study of lead cooled fast reactor with nitride fuel assemblies has been performed by the Japanese specialists to improve uranium resource utilization and transmutation of HLW nuclides. Plant size limitations caused by seismic resistance... 

STAC, with their current new design (pool reactor), feel the only size limitation will be vessel size. Unless both the vessel fabricator and the intended plant site are "on water", a 4-m-diameter is the maximum that can be transported. 

Not limited in size solid- age (Requires d.c. excitation line or m-plant synchronous Limited to about 16.000 hp O... 

So far, consideration has been limited to chemistry physical constraints such as heat transfer may also dictate the way in which reactions are performed. Oxidation reactions are highly exothermic and effectively there are only two types of reactor in which selective oxidation can be achieved on a practical scale multitubular fixed bed reactors with fused salt cooling on the outside of the tubes and fluid bed reactors. Each has its own characteristics and constraints. Multitubular reactors have an effective upper size limit and if a plant is required which is too large to allow the use of a single reactor, two reactors must be used in parallel. 

If snow/ice is stored indoor it is done in a more or less insulated building. In a cavern no insulation except the ground is needed. When the snow/ice is stored on ground or in ponds it is necessary with thermal insulation, henceforth denoted insulation. Both natural and artificial snow and ice may be used and there is no size limitation for snow cooling systems. This snow cooling plant in Sundsvall is an open pond with larger pieces of wood chips as thermal insulation. 

Virus infected plants Yield, timescale, mixed infections, epitope presentation systems Construct size limitations... 

For the limitations of this publication, it is not possible to present a comprehensive set of the data used as input to the model. In principle, the model is based on the technoeconomic characteristics of hydrogen production and distribution technologies, as presented in Chapters 10 and 12, respectively, such as specific investments for certain plant sizes, full load hours, process efficiencies, maintenance and labour costs, etc. 

In a hydroelectric plant it is necessary to decrease the flow of water to a turbine very rapidly in the event of a sudden drop in the load. In such a case a relief valve may be opened so as to bypass water around the machine, and then this relief valve may be slowly closed. Alternatively, an air chamber may be used to absorb the shock. Some excess water may flow into this device and compress the air to a higher pressure. One disadvantage is that water under pressure absorbs air, so it is necessary to renew the air supply periodically by the operation of a small air compressor. Also, an air chamber has distinct size limitations. 

After the secondary reformer of steam reforming plants the gas has to be brought down from around 1000 °C to about 350 °C for the HT shift. In earlier-generation plants two boilers were usually installed in series, with a bypass around the second to control the inlet temperature for the HTS. Common practice for a long time was to use a water-tube design. A famous example is the Kellogg bayonet-tube boiler, applied in more than 100 plants. Because of size limitations two parallel units were installed. For sufficient natural water circulation these boilers needed a steam drum at a rather high elevation and a considerable number of downcomers (feed water) and risers (steam/water mixture). 

Since the characteristics of the linear polyolefin dispersions that are being studied and produced vary over wide limits, the selection of the proper centrifuge for a specific separation becomes an important consideration. The performance of a given centrifuge and the economics of its use can frequently be improved by a factor of 2 or more by a minor change in reactor conditions without detrimental effect on the product itself. The role of the pilot plant in this connection cannot be overemphasized. In many cases, pilot plant-size centrifuges have been used to monitor reactor conditions and other process operating variables with substantial economies in the final process. 

A battery limits cspital investment of 2.8 millicxi was estimated for the base case, and 6.2 million for the hi capacity design. A battery limits production cost for an average ioe of l.l/kg ( 0.50/lb) was estimated, based on raw material, for the base case plant. Production co declines significantly as plant size increases, reaching 0.5/kg ( 0.24/lb) for the hi capacity case. 

Vessel sizes are determined by the air ow processed. For small plants, two-bed vertical vessel systems are appropriate (see Figure 3.46). As the plant size and airflow increases, the required vessel diameter increases until it reaches a shippable limit at... 

---