Plant-pathogen interactions

Cervone F., De Lorenzo G., Salvl G. and Camardella L. in Biology and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogenic Interactions. NATO ASI Series, Vol. HI, ed. J. Bailey (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, FRG, 1986) p. 385. 

Hahn M. G., Bucheli P., Cervone F., Doares S. H., O Neill R. A., Darvill A. Albersheim P. (1989). Roles of cell wall constituents in plant-pathogen interactions. In Nester E. Kosuge T., ed. Plant Microbe Interactions, Vol. 4. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., 131-181. 

Misaghi I. J. (1982). The role of pathogen-produced cell-wall-degrading enzymes in pathogenesis. In Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Pathogen Interactions. Plenum Press, 17-34. 

Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds released by plant roots have important functions in plant-pathogenic interactions, feeding deterrence, nematode resistance, and allelopathic interactions they also serve as signal molecules for the establishment of symbiotic associations (72,149). However, a detailed analysis of signaling pathways involved in these interactions is currently available in only a limited number of cases (see also Chap. 7). 

Another field of research is the possibility offered by phytochemicals in protecting plants against diseases and pathogens (fungus, bacteria and nematodes). Numerous studies have suggested that plant-pathogen interactions are partially mediated via plant secondary metabolite production, despite the inconsistency revealed by some works on the ability of particular compounds to provide resistance to a specific pathogen. 

Pathogen attack The induction of LOX genes during plant-pathogen interactions has been reported in several species, suggesting that the function of LOX in the defense against pests seems to be related to the synthesis of a number of different compounds with signaling functions or antimicrobial activity. 

Elicitors and Sources of ROS in Terrestrial Plant-Pathogen Interactions... 

In most terrestrial plant-pathogen interactions a diphenylene-iodonium (DPI)-sensitive (O Donnell et al. 1993), membrane-located, and receptor-activated NADPH oxidase generates superoxide radicals (Levine et al. 1994 Doke and Miura 1995 Lamb and Dixon 1997 Bolwell et al. 1998), which eventually dis-mutate into H202 and 02 (Sutherland 1991). Apoplastic peroxidases (Bolwell et al. 1998 Martinez et al. 1998), as well as various oxidases such as oxalate oxidase (Zhang et al. 1995 Thordal-Christensen et al. 1997) or amine oxidase (Laurenzi et al. 2001 Rea et al. 2002), have also been identified as sources of ROS in higher plants. 

Plant-Pathogen Interactions A Never-Ending Arms Race... 

Touze, A. Rossignol, M. In Biochemistry Related to Specificity in Host-Plant Pathogen Interactions Solheim, B., Raa, J., Eds. Tromso Uni-versitets, 1977 pp 227-230. 

B. In Biology and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions Bailey, J. A., Ed. Springer Berlin, 1986 NATO ASI Series Vol. HI, pp 141-148. 

Esposito, N., Ovchinnikova, O. G., Barone, A., Zoina, A., Holst, O., and Evidente, A. (2008). Host and non-host plant response to bacterial wilt in potato Role of the lipopolysacchar-ide isolated from Ralstonia solanacearum and molecular analysis of plant-pathogen interaction. Chem. Biodivers. 5, 2662-2675. 

Two examples have been chosen for discussion, i.e. the interactions of tomato with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and with Cladosporium fulvum, a bacterial and a fungal pathogen, respectively. These two plant pathogen interactions are among the few that have been characterized not only in genetic terms but also at the molecular and biochemical levels and they are thus well suited for a discussion of the fundamental principles. 

J. A. Lippincott and B. B. Lippincott, in B. Solheim and J. Raa (Eds.), Cell Wall Biochemistry Related to Specificity in Host-Plant Pathogen Interactions, Norway Univer-sitets Forlaget, Oslo, pp. 439-451. 

Visualizing plant-pathogen interactions involving phenolics with histochemical stains... 

Phenylpropanoids in Plant Defense and Plant-Pathogen Interactions Flavonoids and the Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis... 

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