Signal functions

Pheromones are commonly called sex attractants, although they have other signaling functions, too. A pheromone of the queen bee is tra s-CH3CO(CH2)5CH=CHCOOH. 

Ubogu EE, Cossoy MB, Ransohoff RM (2006) The expression and function of chemokines involved in CNS inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27 48-55 Verkhratsky A, Orkand RK, Kettenmann H (1998) GUal calcium homeostasis and signaling function. Physiol Rev 78 99-141... 

A current working hypothesis is that F. and chemoinvestigative behaviour are closely linked, but that it is not restricted to urinalysis by the male. Other signalling functions are indicated by the behaviour of captive and feral groups. Flehmen s role in female female interactions is clearly of equal value since it is highly correlated with rank in the Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger). Dominant females not only perform... 

In this equation, we have made the replacement k = (1/2 ir)yg8 in order to introduce the Fourier conjugate variable to r. This is because formally Eq. (1.6) is a Fourier transformation. What we really want to know is the shape of the sample, p(r), which we can derive by applying the inverse Fourier transformation to the signal function ... 

Fig. 1.7 Two-dimensional objects in position three individual objects. Likewise, the Fourier space (top row) and their Fourier transform, transform is additive and the signal functions corresponding to the shape of the signal func- corresponding to each of the objects are shown tion S(kXr ky) (bottom row). The actual object, a for comparison, letter i inside a circle, is shown as the sum of...

Fig. 1.15 Left propagator for unrestricted self- tained in an experiment, 5(q), plotted semi-diffusion. The propagator P(R, A) is shown for logarithmically over q2. In this representation, increasing encoding times A and becomes the slope of the decaying function is equal to broader with increasing A, while its intensity at (4 jt)2AD, so that the diffusion coefficient D zero displacement is reduced due to the re- can be obtained directly by comparing at least quirement that the area remains normalized to two measurements taken at different values unity. Right signal function as would be ob- of q.

Apart from the separation into two fractions, the propagator can also be interpreted in terms of an average quantity, the second moment of displacements, which is proportional to the dispersion coefficient D (A). Rather than computing D ( A) from the shape of the propagator directly, it is also possible to obtain it from the initial slope of the signal function E(q,A) in a ID NMR experiment [43] ... 

For family C receptors, the importance of and structural basis for interaction with intracellular adaptor or scaffolding proteins have been characterized in great detail, just as the issue of dimer formation is rather clear for these receptors. The main family of adaptor proteins, which ensures the cellular targeting and correct signaling function for the metabotropic glutamate receptors, appear... 

Blount, J. D. and McGraw, K. J. 2008. Signal functions of carotenoid colouration. In Carotenoids. Volume 4 Natural Functions (G. Britton, S. Liaaen-Jensen, and H. Pfander, eds.). Birkhauser, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 213-236. 

Component of the signal function in the time domain that is considered being true (influenced by noise)... 

Signal function (measurement function, analytical function in the signal domain)... 

Therefore, signal functions y(z) always represent a convolution of the true signal function y z)trUe and the characteristic function of the analytical instrument h(z) which characterizes all the insufficiencies of the measuring system ... 

Starting with the relation between the analytical function x = /(Q) and the signal function y — f(z) represented in Fig. 2.12, four quantities x, Q, y, and z have to be related to one another. The situation can be characterized in Fig. 2.16 by a quasi-four-dimensional representation (Danzer [1995a], Danzer and Currie [1998]). 

Signal functions may have a very different character even in case of one and the same analytical method as Fig. 3.4 shows. 

In general, signal functions will be obtained in analogous form and consist of a large number of arranged measured points which form a data vector. There are three types of signal functions, which contain ... 

Signal function in the time domain Signal function in the frequency domain... 

Fig. 3.5. Connection between characteristic signal functions in time and frequency domain...

In some cases, the integral intensity is recorded additionally to the original signal function. 

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