Plant biochemical regulator, effect

W. Rademacher, "Biochemical Effects of Plant Growth Retardants," in Plant Biochemical Regulators, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1991. 

New plant biochemical regulators (PBRs) were observed to have profound positive effects on crop performance. For the crops that were tested, the PBRs improved both crop yield and yield quality. Negative correlations between crop yield and crop quality were not observed. 

We must recognize that plants, unlike animals, cannot move about. They are literally stuck with whatever environment they find themselves in. Natural selection over tens of millions of years has therefore resulted in the remarkable adaptability we see in plants today. Their ability to adjust to adverse environmental shifts, however, could also result in internal changes that either work indirectly to counteract a desired plant regulator effect or directly to correct for the elicited response. In either event, the plant regulator effect might then be shortlived. More sophisticated determinations of endogenous biochemical and... 

J. Dalziel and D.K. Lawrence, Biochemical and biological effects of kauarene oxidase inhibitors, such as paolobutrazol. Monograph of the British Plant Growth Regulator Group No 11, p.43 (1984)... 

Chamay, D. Nari, J. Noat, G. 1992. Regulation of plant cell-wall pectin methyl esterase by polyamines -Interactions with the effects of metal ions. Eur. J. Biochem. 205 711-714. 

In its biochemical functions, ascorbic acid acts as a regulator in tissue respiration and tends to serve as an antioxidant in vitro by reducing oxidizing chemicals. The effectiveness of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant when added to various processed food products, such as meats, is described in entry on Antioxidants. In plant tissues, the related glutathione system of oxidation and reduction is fairly widely distributed and there is evidence that election transfer reactions involving ascorbic acid are characteristic of animal systems. Peroxidase systems also may involve reactions with ascorbic acid In plants, either of two copper-protein enzymes are commonly involved in the oxidation of ascorbic acid. 

Cell line selection is one of the traditional and effective approaches to enhancing metabolite accumulation, and biochemical studies provide the fundamental information for the intentional regulation of secondary metabolism in plant cells. In a carrot suspension culture regulated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyace-tic acid, Ozeki et al. [7] found that there was a correlation between anthocyanin synthesis and morphological differentiation for somatic embryogenesis they also demonstrated the induction and repression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase correlated with formation of the respective mRNAs. Two biosynthetic enzymes, i. e., PAL and 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, were also related with shikonin formation in Lithospermum erythro-rhizon cultures [8]. 

The initial enthusiasm for tapping the vast synthetic potential of cultured plant cells has largely given way to the realization that much needs to be learned about the biochemical and genetic regulation of plant secondary metabolism before cost-effective, industrial-scale production becomes feasible. 

Molybdenum thus appears to regulate the levels of several biochemicals and the activities of many non-molybdoenzymes in crop plants through its indirect effects on plant metabolism, possibly by altering the bioavailability of other nutrients synergistically or antagonistically. Molybdenum deficiency is known to reduce the availability of Fe and phosphorus (P) and the utilization of N, but to increase the contents of S, copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in plants (Chatterjee, 1992). 

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