Planning of Product Realization

Planning of Product Realization (Plan and develop processes to produce product)... 

Sub-clause 7.1 planning of product realization Sub-clause 7.2.3 customer communication Sub-clause 7.3 design and development Sub-clause 7.4 purchasing... 

Top management plans and develops the processes needed for product realization. Planning of product realization is consistent with the requirements of the other processes of the quality management system (see 4.1). In planning product realization, the following elements are determined appropriate ... 

The paper presented has been realized in frame of the research project co-financed by the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund, Sub-measure 1.3.1. Development Projects project title IT system supporting the optimization and planning of production and distribution of water intended for human consumption in the sub-region of the central and western province of Silesia project ref no POIG.01.03.01-14-034/12. 

Product realization in the automotive industry is either called advanced product quality planning (APQP) or project management. In terms of their objectives there is no difference. In terms of the mechanics there may be some differences, depending on the methodologies employed by the organization. 

The standard requires the use of a multidisciplinary approach to prepare for product realization including development and review of special characteristics, FMEA, and control plans. 

The standard also requires that the instructions be derived from appropriate sources, such as the quality plan, the control plan, and the product realization process, which means that all instructions should be traceable to one or more of these documents. They should form a set, so that there are no instructions used outside those that have been approved by the planning team. This is to ensure that no unauthorized practices are employed. Another important aspect to consider is the use of informal practices - practices known only to the particular operator. Process capability should be based on formal routines, otherwise repeatability cannot be assured when operators change. 

This clause requires the designation of special characteristics that should have been accomplished during product realization (as required by clause 4.2.4.7). As for the documentation of special characteristics, the symbols should have been applied both when establishing the process controls and preparing the control plan (also clause 4.2.4.7) and associated documentation during the planning phase. Therefore the requirements not previously addressed are for the control of special characteristics and evidence of compliance i.e. quality records. 

Dr. Bosch that "Hitler was determined to go to war," Krauch admitted he realized that "defeat was inevitable" if the planning and production of all munitions were not better co-ordinated. "I went with Loeb s wrong figures to Goering and I said We will lose the war on this basis. "... 

In 1958, Forrester started studies on an effect which is nowadays often referred to as the bullwhip effect. The bullwhip effect describes the amplification of temporal variations of the orders in a supply chain the more one moves away from the retail customer. Forrester showed that small changes in consumer demand result in large variations of orders placed upstream [4, 5]. It is interesting that this effect occurs even if the demand of final products is almost stable. For his studies, he assumed that some time delay exists between placing an order and the realization of this order (production). Furthermore, he assumed that each part of the supply chain plans its production and places its orders upstream taking into account only the information about the demands of its direct customer. 

Gunther HO, Grunow M, Neuhaus U (2006) Realizing block planning concepts in make-and-pack production using MILP modeling and SAP APO . International Journal of Production Research 44 (18-19) 3711-3726... 

A document specifying the processes of the quality management system (including the product realization processes) and the resources to be applied to a specific product, project, or contract can be referred to as quality plan. 

The organization monitors and measures the characteristics of the product to verify that product requirements are fulfilled. This is earned out at appropriate stages of the product realization process in accordance with the planned arrangements. 

Company name) plans and develops the processes needed for product realization and ensures availability of infrastructure and suitable work environment. Quality objectives as appropriate to the company s product and services are defined. Records are maintained to demonstrate that the resulting product fulfills the customer s contractual requirements to ensure customer satisfaction. 

Profits at the site level are calculated in equation (3.84) by subtracting all costs incurred at the site from the revenues realized at the site from finished and intermediate products as calculated by equation (3.85). In addition to the cost items already contained in the basic model formulation, the costs of intermediates received from other sites have to be allocated to the receiving site for tax purposes and the depreciation costs have to be subtracted instead of investment expenditures. Equation (3.86) defines that depreciation costs are calculated by adding to the depreciation plan of old assets (which has to be determined outside the model) depreciation incurred from new investments. Based on the assumption of straight-line depreciation and a depreciation period that exceeds the planning horizon these costs can be calculated as a fixed percentage of the total investments incurred at a site. 

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