Plain weave wire cloth

Figure 2.17 Example of a precision plain weave wire cloth.

Obvious uniformity is found in simple form with plain-weave metal cloth of light gauge wire. As the gauge of the wire becomes heavier and the weave is changed to a twilled or Dutch-type weave, we have a more elaborate medium that is generally used for filtration. The nature of the holes is more complex and more difficult to recognize with the unaided eye. Woven fabrics become more complicated due to the flexible nature of yams, and therefore it is more difficult to try to define the size of the hole in a woven fabric. The same is tme for media with random stmcture, such as felts, paper, fibrous and porous material. 

Textiles, as a woven cloth or a nonwoven fabric, are probably the most common industrial filter medium, and are made from natural (cotton, silk, wool) and synthetic fibres. Wire cloths and meshes are also widely used in industrial filtrafions, produced by weaving monofilaments of ferrous or non-ferrous metals the simpler plain weave is used for sieving and sizing operations, and the more complex weaves such as Dutch twills are used on pressure and vacuum filters. At the small scale, particularly for laboratory use, filter papers are common, made from fibrous cellulosic materials, glass fibre or synthetic polymers these papers are made using developments from conventional paper manufacturing processes. 

There are several available weaves of woven wire. Some of these weaves lead the product to be called woven fabric. The basic types of weaves of wire cloth, which are woven for filtration purposes, are plain, twilled, plain Dutch, twilled Dutch, plain reverse Dutch, duplex (twin warp) plain Dutch, Betamesh and braided (basket of multibraid)—see Figure 8.1. 

Filter fabrics are mainly woven in four common weaves plain, twill, plain reverse Dutch and satin. The first three are overlaps from wire cloth weaves but may have slightly different characteristics when put into the framework of woven non-metallic cloth. The weaves will not be detailed again here. The fourth weave is the satin weave where the shute (or warp) fibre passes over several warp (or shute) fibres, then under one in an alternating pattern. Figure 8.3 shows an over three-under one pattern for the satin weave (three shaft satin) see also Table 8.2. 

Pile lpl(3)l n [ME, fr. L pilus hair] (15c) (1) A fabric effect formed by introducing tufts, loops, or other erect yams on all or part of the fabric surface. Types are warp, filling, and knotted pile, or loops produced by weaving an extra set of yams over wires that are then drawn out of the fabric. Plain wires leave uncut loops wires with a razor-Hke blade produce a cut-pile surfece. Pile fabric can also be made by producing a double-cloth stmcture woven face to face, with an extra set of yam interlacing with each... 

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