Placental abruption

Fatty liver of pregnancy Placental abruption Preeclampsia/eclampsia Retained fetus syndrome Pulmonary syndrome syndrome Empyema Hyaline membrane disease... 

Cohen, L.S., Rosenbaum, J., and Hellet, V.L. (1989) Panic attack-associated placental abruption a case tepott. J Clin Psychiatry 50 266-267. 

When oxytocin is used judiciously, serious toxicity is rare. The toxicity that does occur is due either to excessive stimulation of uterine contractions or to inadvertent activation of vasopressin receptors. Excessive stimulation of uterine contractions before delivery can cause fetal distress, placental abruption, or uterine rupture. These complications can be detected early by means of standard fetal monitoring equipment. High concentrations of oxytocin with activation of vasopressin receptors can cause excessive fluid retention, or water intoxication, leading to hyponatremia, heart failure, seizures, and death. Bolus injections of oxytocin can cause hypotension. To avoid hypotension, oxytocin is administered intravenously as dilute solutions at a controlled rate. 

Oxytocin Activates oxytocin receptors Increased uterine contractions Induction and augmentation of labor control of uterine hemorrhage after delivery IV infusion Toxicity Fetal distress, placental abruption, uterine rupture, fluid retention, hypotension... 

A 26-year-old woman with a history of multiple substance abuse required emergency caesarean section at 30 weeks of gestation as a result of crack cocaine-induced placental abruption and fetal distress (251). Her admission blood pressure was 145/95 mmHg, heart rate 95/minute and respiratory rate 20/minute. The fetal heart rate was 130/minute and non-reactive, with late and variable decelerations and no response to maternal oxygen administration. Spinal block with bupivacaine, fentanyl, and morphine was performed with the patient in a sitting position. No maternal or neonatal postoperative complications were reported. 

Ray JG, Laskin CA. Folic acid and homocyst(e)ine metabolic defects and the risk of placental abruption, pre-eclampsia and spontaneous pregnancy loss a systematic review. Placenta 1999 20 519-29. 

Gestational hypothyroidism has been associated with severe complications, such as hypertension, preterm birth, low birth weight, placental abruption and fetal death by Leung et al, (1993) and Allan et al. (2000). Many studies in children of hypothyroid pregnant women including Mans group (1976, 1991), and many later ones (Liu et al, 1994 Smit et al, 2000 Klein et al, 2001 Mitchell and Klein, 2004), have demonstrated the importance of maternal thyroid function on the neurodevelopmental evolution of the child. 

Low maternal folate status in early pregnancy increases risks of neural tube defects, placental abruption, and early pregnancy loss. 

---