Piping fitting types

The selection and appHcation of an expansion joint is not as simple as selecting a pipe fitting or a valve and requires a sound understanding of the joint s capabihties and limitations. Improper appHcation of any type of joint can result in serious or damaging effects. However, when properly selected and integrated into the piping system, satisfactory service and safe operation can be expected. Selection and appHcation of beUows expansion joints require special attention to design and installation. 

Other Types of Piping Joints Packed-gland joints (Fig. 10-135) require no special end preparation of pipe but do reqmre careful control of the diameter of the pipe. Thus the suppher of the pipe shoiild be notified when packed-gland joints are to be used. Cast- and ductile-iron pipe, fittings, and valves are available with the bell cast on one or... 

Volume of vessel (free volume V) Shape of vessel (area and aspect ratio) Type of dust cloud distribution (ISO method/pneumatic-loading method) Dust explosihility characteristics Maximum explosion overpressure P ax Maximum explosion constant K ax Minimum ignition temperature MIT Type of explosion suppressant and its suppression efficiency Type of HRD suppressors number and free volume of HRD suppressors and the outlet diameter and valve opening time Suppressant charge and propelling agent pressure Fittings elbow and/or stub pipe and type of nozzle Type of explosion detector(s) dynamic or threshold pressure, UV or IR radiation, effective system activation overpressure Hardware deployment location of HRD suppressor(s) on vessel... 

This type of cast iron is made by high-temperature heat treatment of white iron castings. The mechanical properties of malleable cast irons are given in Table 3.1 usually they are applied to the fabrication of conveyor chain links, pipe fittings and gears. 

Equation 2-25 is valid for calculating the head loss due to valves and fittings for all conditions of flows laminar, transition, and turbulent [3], The K values are a related function of the pipe system component internal diameter and the velocity of flow for v-/2g. The values in the standard tables are developed using standard ANSI pipe, valves, and fittings dimensions for each schedule or class [3]. The K value is for the size/type of pipe, fitting, or valve and not for the fluid, regardless of whether it is liquid or gas/vapor. 

Typical pipe-fittings are shown in Figures 3.17 and 3.18 and details of other valve types are given in Volume 6. 

Pipe fittings are discussed in section 5.5.3, see also Perry et al. (1997). Valve types and applications are discussed in section 5.3. 

Asbestos-containing insulation has also been used on furnace ducts. Most asbestos pipe insulation in homes is preformed to fit around various diameter pipes. This type of asbestos-containing insulation was manufactured from 1920 to 1972. Renovation and home improvements may expose and disturb the asbestos-containing materials. 

Gasoline and kerosene rerunning was accomplished primarily in horizontal batch shell stills heated by direct firing or internal steam coils and surmounted by a vertical rectification column with partial condensers to supply reflux. The rectifying column in some installations was packed with iron rings, pipe fittings, earthware crocks, tin cans, or any suitable material readily available. In other units a fairly common type of column was the Heckmann bubble cap tower. 

Industrial fermentors, as well as pipings, pipe fittings, and valves, and all parts that come into contact with the culture media and sterilized air are usually constructed from stainless steel. All ofthe inside surfaces should be smooth and easily polished in order to help maintain aseptic conditions. All fermentors (other than the glass type) must incorporate glass windows for visual observation. Naturally, all fermentors should have a variety of fluid inlets and outlets, as well as ports for sampling and instrument insertion. Live steam is often used to sterilize the inside surfaces of the fermentor, pipings, fittings, and valves. 

Consider again Eq. (6.11). Each valve and pipe fitting is to receive an independent pipe size resistance coefficient K. A number of works have been published that derive these coefficients for every type and size of pipe fitting and valve. Proposed here is a new variable we shall call ft. Referring to the Crane Technical Paper No. 410 [10], these ft variables are given in Table 6.1. 

Pipe and Pipe Fittings, Adhesive Bonded Joint Type, for Aviation Jet Turbine Fuel Lines... 

Deterioration of water pipe fittings such as service saddles contributes to water main failures. This type of failure may be due to galvanic corrosion since the pipe is cast or ductile iron, saddle is either bronze, steel or cast iron and the service line is made of copper. 

Cost and installation time for stainless-steel pipe fittings. Prices are for types 304 and 304L. For types 316 and 347, multiply by 1.25 for type 316L, multiply by 1.45. 

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