Above-ground piping

Buried pipework must be protected against accidental and physical damage from sharp material, etc. and chemical action from corrosive soils, etc. It must be protected against corrosion by means of wrapping, catholic protection, etc. for metal pipes. Above-ground pipework should be protected with suitable paint after preparation. 

Because methanol is classed as a hazardous chemical by the EPA, all piping placed underground must have secondary containment. Piping above-ground need not have secondary containment. 

Keep the piping above ground if possible. These lines are easier to install and repair and are free from underground corrosion. Buried lines are hard to maintain and create a hazard since leaks are hard to detect,... 

There are two ways to install PE pipe above ground. Yon can install it by laying it on top of the ground, or you can install it on some type of designed support. 

The Phoenicians were building water ducts and pipelines of clay, stone, or bronze about 1000 B.c. and the construction of long-distance water pipelines flourished in imperial Roman times. The water supply lines of Rome had a total length of about 450 km, and consisted mainly of open or covered water ducts. The Roman writer Vitruvius gives a fairly accurate description of the manufacture of lead pipes [8]. The pipes were above ground and were often laid beside the roadway or in ducts inside houses [9]. 

Fig. 1-3 Oak water pipe over 200 years old laid above ground in the Wadgassen Abbey (Saarland) with cast iron clamps (photo Mannes-mann Archives).

Filling pipes should be as short as possible and free from sharp bends. The terminal should be in a convenient position to allow easy coupling of the vehicle hose connection, wherever possible within 5 meters (15 ft) of the hard standing for vehicle delivery. The most suitable height for a filling pipe is about 1 m (3 ft) above ground level and clear of all obstructions. 

Copper may be used above ground and for buried pipework at pressures up to 75 mbar and outside diameters of 67 mm. If utilized for buried pipework it must be factory sheathed and should not be attached to buried steel pipe and fittings. 

This may be used for buried pipework, in ducts and above ground at pressures up to 2 bar. Not to be used for plant pipework. Ductile iron pipe and fittings shall be to BS 4772, Specifications for ductile iron pipes and fittings. 

Copper pipes For plumbing above ground, copper is supplied in both half-hard and hard conditions. It has sufficient strength to require only few supports, and can be bent cold, in the small sizes, either by hand or with a portable bending machine. Copper is also supplied in the fully soft condition in coils for laying underground, for heating-panels, etc. 

To install the screen and riser piping, the drilling equipment extends the borehole to the approximate desired depth of the bottom of the screen. Short sections of screen and/or riser pipe can be assembled above ground. A cap or plug (also with Aush joint threads) is commonly added to the bottom of the lowest section to prevent the enAy of formation materials. Precautions should be taken to keep the sections free of... 

A water main is to be laid to supply water to a subdivision located 2 miles from a water tower. The water in the tower is 150 ft above ground, and the subdivision consumes a maximum of 10,000 gpm of water. What size pipe should be used for the water main Assume Schedule 40 commercial steel pipe. The pressure above the water is 1 atm in the tank and is 30 psig at the subdivision. 

What horsepower pump would be required to transfer water at a flow rate of 100 gpm from tank A to tank B if the liquid surface in tank A is 8 ft above ground and that in tank B is 45 ft above ground The piping between tanks... 

A water tower supplies water to a small community of 800 houses. The level of the water in the tank is 120 ft above ground level, and the water main from the tower to the housing area is 1 mi of sch 40 commercial steel pipe. The water system is designed to provide a minimum pressure of 15 psig at peak demand, which is estimated to be 2 gpm per house. 

Sectionalizing valves may be installed above ground, in a vault, or buried. In all installations, an operating device to open or close the valve shall be readily accessible to authorized persons. All valves shall be suitably supported to prevent settlement or movement of the attached piping. 

Standard for the Seismic Design and Retrofit of Above-Ground Piping Systems. B31E-2008... 

Chemical industrial facilities have a number of assets that are raised above ground level, including raised water tanks, raised chemical tanks, raised piping systems, and... 

Foam New lines supplying the system should be flushed based on rates in Table 9-3. Additionally, the above ground system piping should be flushed. 11,11A... 

Above ground piping should be examined to determine its condition and to verify that proper drainage pitch is maintained. Underground piping should be spot-checked for deterioration at least every five years. 

The pipes should be stored in stands at least about 3ft above ground level for handling without damage. The pipes should be covered with tarpaulin if stacked outdoors and free air flow should be ensured to avoid hot air packets, to prevent premature oxidation. 

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