Chewing tobacco

Bhide. Experimental studies on mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of tobacco chewing. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1985 109(3) 203-207. 

It is now widely accepted that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer ( / 2). It is less widely known that smoking is also correlated with an increased incidence of cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas and bladder Tobacco chewing can... 

OFFICIAL NAMES Nicotine, tobacco STREET NAMES Cigarettes, pipes, cigars, bidis (beedies), kreteks (clove cigarettes), spit tobacco (spit), chewing tobacco (chew), snuff... 

C. Tobacco chewing will not be allowed in the clean room. 

In its early use it was mainly smoked in pipes. In the eighteenth century snuff was a popular form of tobacco. Chewing tobacco was popular during the late nineteenth century, when cigars and cigarettes were also developed. There was some early opposition to smoking from religious leaders, and in places like China and the Near East, laws were passed to prohibit the importation of tobacco. 

Mouth harynx Betel quid with tobacco, alcohol drinking, tobacco chewing, tobacco smoke... 

Nicotinic-cholinergic receptors that are part of the autonomic nervous system may be stimulated at low concentrations of nicotine, but blocked at higher concentrations. The repeated use of nicotine-containing products (which includes chewing tobacco, chewing nicotine-containing gum, or the use of therapeutic patches that release nicotine for skin absorption) promotes the formation of (new) nicotinic-cholinergic receptors. The tolerance... 

The NNAs in food and drink are regarded as a potential health hazards at concentrations as low as one part per billion. A -Nitrosonomicotine has been identified in both tobacco smoke and unbumt tobacco, the concentration in the latter being 2,000 to 9,000 parts per billion...concentrations much higher than those of other nitroso compounds found in meat, fish, or beverages. Its presence may be of great biological importance and could explain the correlation between tobacco chewing and the development of cancer of the mouth. 

Shah, A. S., A. V. Sarode, and S. V. Bhide. 1985. Experimental studies on mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of tobacco chewing. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 109(3) 203-7. 

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