Pipe-line calculations

Equations Commonly Used for Calculating Hydraulic Data for Gas Pipe Lines... 

When dealing with water treatment applications you carmot avoid pipe flow calculations. We have a pipeline in which the throughput capacity of 500 Liter/sec. The flow is split into two pipelines and the inside diamter of the pipe is 350 mm. The length of the pipeline is 55 m. The entry loss is 0.70 and the exit loss is 1.00. There are two 45° bends and two 90° bends in the lines, (a) Determine the flow per pipe (b) determine the line velocity (c) determine the resulting hydraulic loss in meters. 

TWO-PHASE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION IN A PIPE LINE PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch 3.070... 

Note when used for pump system balance, this Zhf must be used as a negative number ( — 0.1863) because it is a pressure loss associated with the fluid flowing. For pipe line sizing, the pressure head on the tank of 5 psig and any elevation difference between tank outlet nozzle and pump suction centerline do not enter into the calculations. 

The pump discharge can flow at a higher velocity than the suction line, due in part to NPSH conditions on the suction side of any pump (w hich are not considered directly in these pipe sizing calculations). 

Equation (11) states that the conventional Fanning friction factor, which may be used through Eq. (10) to calculate pipe-line pressure drops, is a unique function of two dimensionless groups for Bingham-plastic fluids. Newtonian fluids represent that special case for which r , and hence the second dimensionless group, is equal to zero. 

V/D of interest, it may be used for the calculation of the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate in a pipe line of any size, provided only that the flow is laminar and that the laboratory data are at the correct temperature. 

In summary, two of the principal approaches which were found useful for the calculation of pipe-line pressure drops have been extended to the problem of predicting power consumption for the agitation of non-Newtonian fluids. Extension of this work is required, but until further data become available, use of the standard power number-Reynolds number charts (with the generalized Reynolds number) is recommended. Between Reynolds numbers of 10 and 70 these charts will provide con-... 

A pipe is considered an arrangement to transfer fluids from one equipment to another and not a proper equipment by itself. Recently, much progress has been achieved in mixing or reaction in a pipe line, along with material. However, the position where the second substance should be fed for the establishment of expected mixedness over the shortest axial distance has not yet been clarified. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the spatial distribution of the concentration of tracer when it is injected into an arbitrary radial position. This is because if the spatial distribution of the concentration of the tracer is obtained, it becomes possible to calculate the mixedness at an arbitrary distance in the axial direction in other words, the change in mixedness with distance along the axial direction can be obtained. 

Hangs, F. E. 1986. Hand-held Calculator Simplifies Dike Computations. Pipe Line Industry 65(2) 32-33. 

A.1 An acid gas mixture (composed of 20% H2S and 80% COz) with a flow rate of 0.5 MMCFD is transported in a 200-m long pipeline from the plant site to the injection well. The acid gas enters the pipeline at 50°C and 10 000 kPa. The pipe is a 2-in Schedule 160 steel line. Assuming the soil temperature is 5°C, use the method of Carroll (via the software supplied) to estimate the temperature loss in the line. Calculate the required physical properties of the fluid using AQUAlibrium 3.0. 

The energy required to pump a liquid food through a pipe line can be calculated from the mechanical eneigy balance (MEB) equation. The MEB equation can be used to analyze pipe flow systems. For the steady-state flow of an incompressible fluid, the MEB can be written as follows (Brodkey, 1%7) ... 

Methods for the calculation of pressure drop through pipes and fittings are given in Section 5.4.2. It is important that a proper analysis is made of the system, and the use of a calculation form (worksheet) to standardize pump-head calculations is recommended. A standard calculation form ensures that a systematic method of calculation is used, and provides a checklist to ensure that all the usual factors have been considered. It is also a permanent record of the calculation. A template for a standard pump and line calculation is given in Appendix G and can be downloaded in MS Excel format from http //books.elsevier.com/companions. Example 5.8 has been set out using this calculation form. The calculation should include a check on the net positive suction head (NPSH) available see Section 5.4.3. 

The stagnation point formed by the two impinging jets is located near the end of ethylene and HCl feed pipe. Particle streak lines calculated based on the predicted flow results (not shown in the figure) clearly indicate the location of the stagnation point. 

PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION OF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID IN A PIPE LINE ... 

The computer program PROG85 calculates the heat tracer requirements and heat loss for an insulated pipe line either with tracing or without tracing. Table 8-25 lists the input data and computer output of the... 

Sizing flare piping involves the calculation of the capacity or size of a pipe line and the upstream and downstream pressures. The equations for making these calculations are derived below. 

Example 7.5. The equilibrium liquid from the flash drum at 100°F and 485 psia in Example 7.2 is fed to a stabilizer to remove the remaining hydrogen and methane. Pressure at the feed plate of the stabilizer is 165 psia (1138 kPa). Calculate the percent vaporization of the feed if the pressure is decreased adiabatically from 485 to 165 psia by valve and pipe line pressure drop. 

Fig. 5.23. Time-to-failure data from the long-term hydrostatic pressure creep test on HOPE pipes at 40 °C (continuous line). Calculated relaxation curves for planar state of stress (dotted line). (1) Relaxation after rapid straining (3 % strain in 3 hours). (2) Stress relaxation after slow straining (3 % strain in 30 years)...

To use this equation we need to calculate the voidage of the suspension in the vertical pipe line v... 

Designing the extrusion heads construction required selection of polymeric material for casing manufacturing as well as calculation of its dimensions taking into account the outer diameter of steel pipe-line. Polymeric casing is designed for its framing. 

The calculation of wall thickness was carried out imder the following conditions stability of polymeric casing shape while pipe-line laying in the ground, durability of casing material imder pressure which is equal to a working one in a pipe-line being framed. 

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