Pipe labels

Equipment and piping labeled with applicable tag and flow arrows ... 

Use fixed piping and adequate labeling to avoid coupling errors... 

The code requires the submission of an instrument and piping (low sheet. All instruments should be numbered for identification and ihe actual instruments labeled. The code is very helpful in recommending the range and sensitivity required, and close adherence is recommended. 

Root causes 4 and 5. Human-machine interface less than adequate. The labeling of the pipe was poor and confusing, the general ergonomics of the work situation was poor. 

Pipework should be easily identifiable in accordance with BS 1719. Where the normal pressure in the pipe exceeds 75mbar, consideration should be given to labeling the pipe with the normal operating pressure. In buildings in which there are no other piped flammable gas supplies it is sufficient to paint the pipe yellow ochre or to band it with appropriately colored adhesive tape. In large complex installations, it is desirable to identify pipe contents more precisely, and in those instances, the base color should be supplemented with a secondary code band of yellow and/or its name or chemical symbol. 

Albemarle) has shown unique resistance to extraction from polyolefins. No radioactivity was detected in water run through a MDPE pipe stabilised with 14C-labelled Ethanox 330 for 10 months at ambient conditions, or in an accelerated 3-month test at 80 °C (limit of detection 25ppb). 

Each pipe is rinsed with water in one of two rinse tanks and is then mounted on a wash rack and manually sprayed with water in a second rinsing operation. After the pipes dry, they are labeled with a solvent-based ink spray jet and protective plastic caps are hammered onto the ends. The finished products are stored outdoors until they are shipped to customers. 

The networks that interconnect various process units and vessels to the discharge zones or flares occur widely in refineries and chemical plants. Figure 11 shows a typical configuration in which the root represents the flare, the terminal vertices represent the relief valves, and the edge (each labeled with an arabic numeral) represents a pipe section between two physical junctions (valves, flare, or pipe joints). The configuration of such a network is dictated by the layout of the process unit. In this discussion both the lengths of the pipe sections and the interconnections will be treated as specified variables. 

The design of the network calls for the selection of pipe diameters such that the discharge through each valve attains the maximum (sonic) velocity for an initial transitory period. Since the flare pressure and the process unit pressures are specified, this requirement amounts to the stipulation of a maximum allowable pressure drop over each path Sj (labeled with a roman numeral) from the valve to the flare. The optimal design in this case may be formulated as the following constrained minimization problem ... 

The header illustrated is 0.5 in. in diameter and feeds three branch lines, each 0.25 in. in diameter. The five nodes are labeled in the diagram. The fluid exits each of the branches at atmospheric pressure and the same elevation, so each of the branch exit points is labeled 5 because the exit conditions are the same for all three branches. The distance between the branches on the header is 60 ft, and each branch is 200 ft long. Water enters the header (node 1) at a pressure of 100 psi and exits the branches (nodes 5) at atmospheric pressure. The entire network is assumed to be horizontal. Each branch contains two globe valves in addition to the 200 ft of pipe and the entrance fitting from the header to the branch. We must determine the... 

Simplify (simplification and error tolerance) Keep piping systems neat and visually easy to follow Design control panels that are easy to comprehend Design plants for easy and safe maintenance Pick equipment that requires less maintenance Pick equipment with low failure rates Add fire- and explosion-resistant barricades Separate systems and controls into blocks that are easy to comprehend and understand Label pipes for easy walking the line Label vessels and controls to enhance understanding... 

Most fires involving gas in the oil and gas industry will be associated with a high pressure and labeled as "jet" fires. A jet fire is a pressurized stream of combustible gas or atomized liquid (such as a high pressure release from a gas pipe or wellhead blowout event) that is burning. If such a release is ignited soon after it occurs, (i.e., within 2 -3 minutes), the result is an intense jet... 

Instruction signs should be posted at all emergency systems in which the operation of the unit is not inherently obvious (i.e., fire pump startup, fixed foam systems, etc.). Flow arrows of water flow should be provide on piping where the isolation means is provided. Number of hydrants, monitors, pumps, foam chambers can all enhance the operational use of such equipment. Control panel labels should be provided which are descriptive instead of just numerical identifications. 

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