2 -Pinen

Pinene hydrochloride is prepared in the usual manner from turpentine, and this is allowed to react with acetate of silver. Isobornyl acatate is formed, which is hydrolysed, and the isoborneol oxidised to camphor. Acetate of lead is also used, as is also acetate of zinc. 

Common Name a-Pinene Synonym dl-pinene, 2-pinene... 

Lemon peel oil is much more valuable than its juice therefore, extensive research efforts have been expended to determine its natural composition as a way to detect adulteration as well as to determine quality factors [6, 31, 32]. However, a few studies on lemon juice volatiles can be found [33-35]. Lemon oils are notable for possessing relatively low levels of limonene (more than 70%) and relatively high levels of a-pinene (1-2%), -pinene (6-13%), sabinene (1-2%) and y-terpinene (8-10%) [32]. The relatively high concentration of -pinene is thought to instil the green peely odour of lemon oil. The concentrations of aliphatic and monoterpenic aldehydes, (especially citral) as well as those of esters and alcohols are critical components in the perceived quality of the oil. As lemon oil is unstable, quality can deteriorate with improper storage, resulting in... 

For a double bond within the ring, only one prefix number is necessary — that of the lower-numbered carbon to which the double bond is attached — e.g., 3-thujene (Formula 48, Chart 10) 2-pinene (Formula 67, Chart 12). 

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