D 3-pinene

H coDlains about 60 per cent, ol cucBlyptoi and aome d-pinene. 

The oil contains d-pinene, geranvl acetate, aod probably geianyl butyrate. 

China Agastache rugosa (Fisch. Mey.) O. Kuntze Essential oils, methylchavicol, anethole, anisaldehyde, d-limonene, hexenol, calamene, beta-pinene, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, d-pinene, octanol, cymene, linalool, elemene, caryophyllene, farnesene.48 Chest congestion, diarrhea, headache, nausea, antipyretic, carminative, febrifuge, stomachic. 

The reactions of d-pinene to give dZ-limonene or Z-pinene which have been shown to be complicated experimentally (see footnote 5, Table XI.3)... 

PROP From steam distillation of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labiilardiete. Chief constituent is eucal) ptol (FCTXAV 13,19,75). Colorless to pale-yeUow liquid spicy odor and taste. Composition eucalyptol, aldehydes, d-pinene. Mp —15.4° (approx), d 0.905-0.925 25°/25°. 

PROP A volatile oil. Principal constituents include d-pinene, camphene, l-terpineol-4, and other oxygenated constituents. From steam distillation of the fruit of Juniperus communis h, (Fam. Cupressaceae) (FCTXAV 14,307,76). Colorless to faint green-yellow liquid aromatic bitter taste. Sol in fixed oils, mineral oil insol in glycerin, propylene glycol. 

OI) of Camphor, Rectified. Formosa oil of camphor Japanese oil of camphor white od of camphor light oil of camphor. Volatile od from Cinnamomum carnphora T. Nees A Eberm, Lauroceae. Constit. Safrot, acetaldehyde, camphor, terpineol, eugenol, cineo], d-pinene, phellandrene, dipentene. cadinere. 

Oil df Cypress. Volatile oil from leaves and young branches of Cupressus sempervirens L, Pinaceae. Constit Furfural, d-pinene, d-camphene, cymene, d-terpineol, /-cedinene, sylvestrene, cypress camphor. 

Oil of Myrtle. Volatile oil front leaves of Myrtus communis L., Myrtaceae. Constit d-Pinene, eucalyptol, dipentene, camphor. 

Oil of Niaoull. Volatile oi] from leaves of Melaleuca v tridiflora (Soland.) Gaertn., Myrtaceae. Constit About 65% cineol, about 30% terpineo], limonene and d-pinene combined. 

Oil of White Cedar. Oil of arbor vitae oil of thuja. Volatile oil from leaves of Thuja occidental is L,., Cupress. aceae. Constit. d-Thujone, f-fenchone, d-pinene. 

Turpentine oil [8006-64-2] (DIN 53248). Only pure ethereal oil obtained from the distillation of the resinous secretion of living pine trees, and from which no valuable constituents (e.g., pinene) have been extracted, may be used as balsam terpentine oil (RAL, Sheet 848C). All turpentine oils obtained in any other way must be specially labelled with details of their source. Oils of turpentine from different countries differ in composition. American and Greek oils contain predominantly D-pinene, whereas French, Spanish, and Portuguese oils contain L-pinene. 

A total of 5 g d-pinene was mixed with a large excess of camphoric acid peracid in CHCI3, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 0°C for 3 days. It was then shaken with a 10% NaOH to remove the unused peracid and camphoric acid and was finally washed with H2O and dried over anhydrous Na2S04 for 24 h. Upon removal of CHCI3, the remaining liquid was purified by fractional distillation, b.p. 102-103°C at 50 mmHg. 

Phytochemistry Refer to Ferula foetida for general information on the genus Ferula. All plant parts of F. kuhistanica contain resin and essential oils. The fresh roots contain 0.42-0.72 % essential oils, the fruits 0.54 % and the fresh leaves 0.08 %. From steam distillation, 11.7-14.8 % green-colored, strong smelling essential oils were extracted. Leaf oil contains 85 % d-pinene. Roots contain up to 28 % and fruits 10-11 % resins. The resin contains n-carbohc acid (12.5 %), anisic and angelic acids, and umbeUiferone (Khalmatov 1964). Daucane-type sesquiterpenes and daucane esters have been isolated from the roots and stems (Chen et al. 2000). 

Phytochemistry Fresh branches contain 0.45-0.75 % essential oils with d-pinene, d-camphene, myrcene, cedrene, and other sesqueterpenes. The bark, young branches, and umipe fruits contain 7-8 % tannins. Ripe fruits contain yellow pigments and up to 18.6 % sugar. Leaf samples from Tajikistan contained 120-140 mg% vitamin C (Khalmatov et al. 1984). A variety of compounds, including diterpenes and sesquiterpenes, has been isolated from the dried fruits (Okasaka et al. 2006). 

Phytochemistry The fruits contain vitamins (ascorbic acid, B, and carotene), sugars, organic adds (citric and malic), pectins, anthocyanin compounds (cyanidin and delphinindin) and their glycosides, as well as quercetin and isoquercetin. Buds contain essential oil with d-pinene, 1- and d-sabinene, d-caryophyllene, alcohol, and phenols. The leaves contain essential oil and ascorbic acid (Akopov 1990 Knox et al. 2001). 

Buffered hydrolysis of the esters (110), (112), and (115) yielded the same mixture of alcohols (109) and (114), and the symmetrical homoallylic ion (117) is the suggested common intermediate.The high solvolysis rates of the methanesulphonate esters (111), (113), and (116) provide evidence for a-bond or rc-bond participation, as appropriate, in the transition states. An extensive study is reported of the reaction of a-d-pinene with a series of carboxylic acids under a variety of conditions the bridged ions (118) and (119) appear to be the significant product precursors. Acetolysis of the triflate ester (120 n = 1) is considered to occur by 7t-assisted ionization to give the bicyclo[2,2,l]hex-2-en-5-yl cation (122 n = 1) by way of (121 ... 

The chief constituents of the oil are anethol, methyl chavicol, d-pinene, 1-phellandrene, and in older oils, the oxidation products of anethol, viz. anisic aldehyde and anisic acid. Since anethol is the most valuable constituent, and the solidifying point of the oil is roughly proportional to its anethol content, oils with a higher solidifying point are the best. 

The chief constituents of the oil are anethol, fenchone, d-pinene, and dipentene. 

This Tasmanian tree is known locally as the Celery Top Pine. Its essential oil, which has been examined by Baker and Smith, is of particular interest, as it contains the only soud crystalline diterpene so far identified. The oil contains Z-pinene, probably mixed with d-pinene, the diterpene referred to, and possibly a sesquiterpene. 

---