D a-pinene

They contain about 85 per cent, of d-a-pinene, 5 per cent, of d-limonene, and 2 per cent, of an alcohol. Small amounts of carvone, and of a sesquiterpene, which is probably cypressene, are also present. 

The oil contains d-a-pinene to the extent of 60 per cent., dipentene (6 to 7 per cent.), f-bomeol (11 per cent.), cadinene (6 to 7 per cent.), formic and acetic acids in the free state, and formic and capric acids as esters. 

The oil contains d-a-pinene, d-camphene, terpinyl esters, a sesquiterpene, cedrol, and alcohols which have been investigated by Schimmel Co.> with the following results —... 

About 85 per cent, of the oil distilled between 100 and 110 at 40 mm., and consisted of a-thujone. From 3 to 5 per cent, of d-a-pinene is also present, as well as about 3 per cent, of tauacetyl alcohol, prohahly in the mrm of its acetate. An oil distilled by Schimmel Co. from the dried leaves had an optical rotation -I- 5 4 , but as the sample examined by Bose and Livingstone was prepared from fresh material in the country of its origin, it may be taken to possess the normal characters of the oil. 

The constituents of galangal oil so far identified, are cineol, d-a-pinene, cadinene, tc ether with the following compounds described by... 

An oil reported on by Keimazu is described as having a specific gravity 0 9279. and optical rotation + 17, but this appears to have been mixed with camphor oil, so that his researches as to the constituents present must be accepted with reserve. The principal body present in the oil is the alcohol linalol (Keimazu found formaldehyde, d-a-pinene, cineol, dipentene, apopinol (impure linalol ), camphor, eugenol, and safrol). 

That the oil contains the following constituents, Z-a-pinene, d-a pinene, Z-limonene, Z-borneol, bornyl acetate and other esters of bomeol, Z-camphor, cineol, salicylic acid, aldehydes, formic, acetic, butyric ( ) and isovaleric acids, a non-volatile acid or lactone, and a blue constituent of high boiling-point. 

The oil has been exhaustively examined hy Schimmel Co. After repeated fractionation they succeeded in obtaining 11 grms. of a body with boiling-point 158 to 168 and an odour of pinene. Treated with nitrosylchloride a very small quantity of a nitrosochloride was obtained, of which the benzylamine-combination melted at 120 to 123 . The presence of a-pinene could be more readily proved by oxidation into active d-pinonic acid. The acid melted at 68 to 69 and was identical with d-pinonic acid from Greek oil of turpentine. It follows that the oil contains i- and d-a-pinene. 

It contains d-a-pinene, and the amyl ester of eudesmic acid. 

This oil has only been partially examined. It consists chiefly of d-a-pinene with traces of eucalyptol. 

The oil contains a considerable amount of d-a-pinene, a small amount of eucalyptol, and a little geranyl acetate. 

The oil contains from 50 to 70 per cent, of eucalyptol, d-a-pinene, an unidentified terpene, valeric, butyric and caproic aldehydes, isoamyl alcohol, a pineocarvol ester, and a sesquiterpene alcohol which has been named globulol. This is a crystalline compound melting at 88 5. Eudesmol and a sesquiterpene are also present. 

The oil is rich in eucalyptol, and also contains d-a-pinene, a sesquiterpene, and a crystalline body, which may be an alcohol, melting at 72 5. In this the name uncineol and the formula is suggested... 

It contains d-a-pinene, 1-limonene, terpineol, eucalyptol, valeric and benzoic aldehydes, and terpinyl valerianate ( ). 

The oil contains d-a-pinene, d-limonene, traces of palmitic acid, salicylic add, and a phenol, small quantities of esters of formic and valerianic acids, and a sesquiterpene of specific gravity 0 910, and refractive index 1-5030. 

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