Pigments limes

As shown in the previous sections, identifying a small amount of a protein (in the order of tens of picomoles) represents a difficult problem for traditional methods of chemical analysis. The situation is even more complicated when a protein mixture of variable composition should be identified in a complex matrix containing dyes, oils, inorganic pigments, lime, etc. moreover, the analysed materials come often from the Middle Ages or even ancient times and the proteins in them could have undergone various modifications (e.g. oxidation, photodecomposition and microbial digestion) over the centuries. 

The Orientals developed their own techniques as time passed. The art of suspending pigments in water, with or without a binder, was common. The Persians used gum arabic as a binder, while the Chinese used a glue. In India, crayons were made from boiled rice, and colors were applied with brushes and a crude stylus. East Indians used cinnabar, lac dye, red ochre, lampblack, and lime for pigments. Lime was blended with the preceding colors to produce pastels of one kind or another. The Chinese and Japanese used cinnabar. 

Around 1800, the attack of chromite [53293-42-8] ore by lime and alkaU carbonate oxidation was developed as an economic process for the production of chromate compounds, which were primarily used for the manufacture of pigments (qv). Other commercially developed uses were the development of mordant dyeing using chromates in 1820, chrome tanning in 1828 (2), and chromium plating in 1926 (3) (see Dyes and dye intermediates Electroplating Leather). In 1824, the first chromyl compounds were synthesized followed by the discovery of chromous compounds 20 years later. Organochromium compounds were produced in 1919, and chromium carbonyl was made in 1927 (1,2). 

Lapacol [84-79-7] (Cl Natural Yellow 16 Cl 75490) (lapachic acid, taiguie acid, tecomin) is a yellow pigment occurring in the wood of trees of the genus Tecoma native to the West Indies and tropical South America. The shavings of the wood, treated with lime water, give an extract that dyes cotton yellow. 

Marmor-kalk, m. lime from marble, -kiesel, m. a kind of hornstone. -lack, m. marble varnish. -mehl, fi. marble dust, -papier, n. marbled paper, -weiss, n. whiting (as a pigment). -zement, m. marble cement specif., Keene s cement. 

In addition to the heavy metals stated in Table 22.10, ferro- and ferricyanide are also part of the pollutants in the wastewater generated in a chrome pigment plant. These wastes are generally combined and treated through reduction, precipitation, equalization, and neutralization to be followed by clarification and filtration processes. Most of the heavy metals are precipitated using lime or caustic soda at specific pH. Chromium is reduced by S02 to a trivalent form, wherein it is precipitated as chromium hydroxide at specific pH. Sodium bisulfide is also employed to precipitate some of the metals at a low pH. The treated water is recycled for plant use while the sludge is sent to landfills (Figure 22.7). 

Azurite Hydrous copper carbonate Blue 3.8 3.8 Crystalline Ornamental stone, gemstone, blue pigment, building stone, making lime... 

Depending on the area of application, pigments in such paints must satisfy a number of additional specifications. Exterior house paints, for instance, should not only exhibit excellent weatherfastness but also tolerate lime and concrete (Sec. 1.6.2.2). 

Areas of application include wood coloration [45], paper mass coloration [46] and paper surface coating in the lime press [47], the office articles and artists colors sector pigments are used in colored pencils, crayons, and writing and pastel chalks or in water colors, as well as in cosmetics, especially soap [48],... 

P.Y.151 is heat stable up to a maximum of 200°C and withstands acid, but is affected by alkali under certain test conditions. Although the pigment tolerates weak bases, it will undergo a distinct color change towards reddish yellow shades if it is exposed to strong alkali. P.Y.151 is also affected by lime (Sec. 1.6.2.2), which almost entirely precludes its use in emulsion paints. 

Mara pigments inorg chem A group of five pigments produced when milk of lime is added to a ferrous sulfate solution, and the precipitate is calcined color is controlled by calcination temperature to give yellow, orange, brown, red, or violet. marz. pig-msns ... 

Other agents are also available, which are used to remove pigmentation of teeth e.g. weak ammonia solution is used to remove iodine stains, hypochlorite or iodine solution are used to remove silver stains, hypochlorites are used to remove iron stains of teeth and for dye stains, chlorinated lime and acetic acid are used. 

The claim of the patentee is—1. For the separation of the impurities from coal-gas, by passing it through charcoal saturated with lime-water, and heated as described and, 2. For the formation of a residuum, or deposit, derived from the gas, which may be used as a pigment, or color. 

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