Pigment-Binder Systems

Building Materials. For standards, see Table 1 ( Coloration of building materials ). The following tests are prescribed for assessing the suitability of a pigment for coloring cement and lime-bonded building materials  

Relative tinting strength Colorfastness in cement Colorfastness in lime Lightfastness Heat stability 

Paper and Board. For standards, see Table 1 ( Opacity and Transparency ). Methods of measurement are specified for the reflectance of paper and board (non-fluorescent), and the opacity or transparency of paper (to measure the transmitted light). 

1 Smith, H. M. (Ed.), High Performance Pigments, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002 

6 Kirk-Othmer, 3rd edn., 17, 788. Kit-TEL, J., Spille, J., Lehrbuch der Lacke und Beschichtungen, Band 5 Pig-mente, EiillstofFe und Earbmetrik, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 2003 

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Flocculate agglomerate present in a suspension (e.g., in pigment-binder systems), which can be disintegrated by low shear forces... 

A pigment-binder dispersion is a suspension before it is dried after drying it is a solid sol. In pigment-binder systems, the concepts and laws of colloid chemistry therefore apply. The dispersing of pigments and extenders in binders is an extremely complex process of a series of steps that can be interlinked [1.63]. Dispersing involves the following steps ... 

Azoic dyes and pigment-binder systems have also found limited use on polyesters. Polyester modified with appropriate comonomeis can be (fyed at lower temperatures or with acid or basic dyes depending on the nature of the modifying groups. 

Solvents. Solvents in house paints serve several essential purposes. They keep the binder dispersed or dissolved and the pigments dispersed in an easy-to-use state. Solvents allow the paint to be appHed in the correct thickness and uniformity, and evaporate from the paint film after the paint is apphed. Solvent choice is limited mainly to a solvent that is compatible with the binder system and that has the desked evaporation rate and toxicity profile. The volatility or evaporation rate of a solvent determines to a large extent the open-time and dry-time properties of a paint (6). 

In determining the chemical resistance, color changes of pigmented binder surfaces are measured after their exposure to various chemicals, such as water—sulfur dioxide or water—sodium chloride systems. These systems imitate the environment to which the colored articles could become exposed. 

The paint technologist entrusted with the task of formulating a paint to meet a specified set of conditions must first decide what type of binders he should use and the type of solvent blend that this will require. In the particular case of a finish, he must then select the pigments most likely to give the required colour, bearing in mind any limitations imposed by his choice of binder system or by the conditions to which the paint will be subjected. 

P.Y.117 is very lightfast and weatherfast. 1/3 to 1/25 SD formulations in an alkyd-melamine resin equal step 8 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness, while 1 200 SD samples still reach step 7. The weatherfastness of the pigment in this range of standard depths and in this binder system equals approximately that of P.Y.153, but is not quite as high as that of P.Y.129. P.Y.117 was also recommended for use in emulsion paints. 

Resinated types are supplied for use in so-called oily binder systems for offset printing inks. However, these are much fewer in number than corresponding P.R.57 1 types which are used to produce the standard shade of ruby, or azo yellow pigments, which are used for standard yellow. 

The basic constituents in a self-polishing antifouling paint are 1) the binder system, 2) the biocides and pigments and 3) the solvents. 

A powder coating is the result of the application of a powder binder system, which generally consists of a resin, a crosslinker, flow additives, degassing agents, pigments or dyes, charge control agents, etc. Such a binder system is ap-pHed to the substrate as a fine, extruded powder (Fig. 20, step A), then melted at... 

In pigment printing the dyestuff pigments are bound to the textile by means of a polymer binder system and no additional washing is performed however, wastewater is released from the cleaning of the equipment and machinery. 

Since the binder systems are solid at room temperature, they can be produced by the existing methods used for powder coafingsd Solid resins, pigments, photoinitiators, and other additives are premixed, then melted and dispersed in an extruder at 100 to 130°C (212 to 266°F). The molten blend is then squeezed into a thin ribbon between chilled rolls. This ribbon is further cooled to near room temperature on a water-cooled cooling belt. The cooled ribbon is broken first into flake and then ground into a fine powder ready for use. The process is illustrated in Figure 7.15. 

Because the binder systems are solid at room temperature, they can be produced by the existing methods used for powder coatings.32 Solid resins, pigments, photoinitiators and other additives are premixed, then melted and dispersed in an extruder... 

Phosphate-containing molybdate pigments are especially suitable for water-thin-nable or latex-based binders, because they improve adhesion to iron substrates. The other molybdate pigments are mainly used in solventborne binder systems. 

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